Example sentences are translated by AI.
を通じて/を通してN2
Marks the means or intermediary something happens through, or a span it holds throughout — 'through', 'via', 'throughout'.
人間は労働、つまり絶え間ない生産と利用を通してのみ生存でき、欲求を満たすことができる。
Human beings can survive and satisfy their needs only through labor—that is, through continual production and use.
のみN2
formal/written equivalent of だけ, limiting to one thing — 'only ~', 'nothing but ~'
人間は労働、つまり絶え間ない生産と利用を通してのみ生存でき、欲求を満たすことができる。
Human beings can survive and satisfy their needs only through labor—that is, through continual production and use.
さらにN2
Adds a further point or a greater degree — 'furthermore', 'moreover', 'even more'.
さらに人間には労働の苦痛を減らすために他人の財産を奪取しようとする性向が内在されている。
Furthermore, human beings inherently possess a tendency to seize other people’s property in order to reduce the pain of labor.
つまりN32 times in this passage
Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.
人間は労働、つまり絶え間ない生産と利用を通してのみ生存でき、欲求を満たすことができる。
Human beings can survive and satisfy their needs only through labor—that is, through continual production and use.
によって/によるN32 times in this passage
Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.
しかし、他人の労働の結果を奪うことによって自分の生存を維持し、人生を楽しむことも可能である。
Yet it is also possible to sustain one’s existence and enjoy life by taking the fruits of other people’s labor.
ためにN33 times in this passage
marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').
そして、人間はその苦痛を避けたいがために略奪が労働より容易である以上、誰もが略奪に目を向ける。
And because people wish to avoid that pain, as long as plunder is easier than labor, everyone will turn to plunder.
というN32 times in this passage
Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.
暴力という手段を通し、人間のこの害になる性向を阻止すること、つまり略奪から財産を保護するのが法の正当な目的である。
The legitimate purpose of law is to use force to restrain this harmful human tendency—in other words, to protect property from plunder.
に対してN3
Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.
このように特定勢力の法に対する支配現象は不可避である。
Thus, it is inevitable that a particular group will come to exercise control over the law.
的（てき）N3
A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).
この二つの事実が法の堕落という普遍的な現象を持ってきた。
These two facts have brought about the universal phenomenon of the corruption of law.
よりN43 times in this passage
Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".
そして、人間はその苦痛を避けたいがために略奪が労働より容易である以上、誰もが略奪に目を向ける。
And because people wish to avoid that pain, as long as plunder is easier than labor, everyone will turn to plunder.
ようだN4
Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".
宗教も道徳も人間のそのような性向を止められなかった。
Neither religion nor morality has been able to restrain that human tendency.
かもしれないN4
Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.
しかし、法とは誰かによって（それは一人か一つの階級になるかもしれない）作られるのである。
Yet laws are made by someone, and that someone may be a single individual or a particular class.
〜ていくN4
Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.
そして法は多数の勢力の承認と支持がないと存立不可能であるため、立法者たちは多数勢力から立法権を委任され自分たちの仕事をしていく。
And because law cannot exist without the approval and support of the majority, legislators carry out their work with legislative authority delegated to them by that majority.
〜てくるN4
Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.
この二つの事実が法の堕落という普遍的な現象を持ってきた。
These two facts have brought about the universal phenomenon of the corruption of law.
〜ことができるN5
States that someone is able to do something — “can do” / “is able to do”.
人間は労働、つまり絶え間ない生産と利用を通してのみ生存でき、欲求を満たすことができる。
Human beings can survive and satisfy their needs only through labor—that is, through continual production and use.
しかしN52 times in this passage
Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.
しかし、他人の労働の結果を奪うことによって自分の生存を維持し、人生を楽しむことも可能である。
Yet it is also possible to sustain one’s existence and enjoy life by taking the fruits of other people’s labor.
そしてN52 times in this passage
Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.
そして、人間はその苦痛を避けたいがために略奪が労働より容易である以上、誰もが略奪に目を向ける。
And because people wish to avoid that pain, as long as plunder is easier than labor, everyone will turn to plunder.
〜たいN5
Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.
そして、人間はその苦痛を避けたいがために略奪が労働より容易である以上、誰もが略奪に目を向ける。
And because people wish to avoid that pain, as long as plunder is easier than labor, everyone will turn to plunder.
〜ているN52 times in this passage
Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.
歴史がそれを証明している。
History proves it.
のでN5
Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.
しかし、法とは誰かによって（それは一人か一つの階級になるかもしれない）作られるのである。
Yet laws are made by someone, and that someone may be a single individual or a particular class.
じゃない・ではないN5
Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".
今日なぜ法が正義ではないものを食い止めるよりかは不当さの道具になったのか。
Why has the law today become a tool of injustice rather than a means of stopping what is unjust?
だろうN5
Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.
わかるだろう。
Now you can see why.
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