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N3 · IntermediateShort passagePassage #177
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水みずはとても大たい切せつです。人にん間げんは、水みずを飲のまなければ、だいたい三さん日にち間かんしか生いきることができない、と言いわれています。水みずは、一ひと人りに3リットルぐらいは必ひつ要ようです。

地じ震しんが起おこると、ガス・水すい道どう・電でん気きが、使つかえなくなることがあります。_______、非ひ難なん用よう品ひんの中なかには、必かならずミネラルウォーターなどを用よう意いしておきましょう。

水みずを用よう意いしてなかったら、なくなったりしたらどうでしょうか。阪はん神しん大だい震しん災さいでは、給きゅう水すい車しゃが来くるまでに3～4日にち、水すい道どうが直なおるのに一いっヶ月げつ以い上じょうかかったところもあります。その間かんは、自じ分ぶんで水みずを集あつめることになります。

一いち番ばんいい方ほう法ほうは、普ふ段だんから地じ震しんが起おこったときのため、お風ふ呂ろのお湯ゆを流ながさずに溜ためておくことです。

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  1. 1 _______に入る言葉として、最も適当なものはどれか。

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Vocabulary9 words
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 起こるおこる
    • ·to occur; to happen
    N3
  • 日にち
    • ·Sunday
    • ·nth day (of the month)
    • ·counter for days
    • ·Japan
    N3
  • 方法ほうほう
    • ·method; way; manner; process; procedure; means; measure
    N3
  • 起こるおこるAs it appears here: 起こった
    • ·to occur; to happen
    N3
  • とき
    • ·time; hour; moment
    • ·occasion; case
    • ·chance; opportunity; season
    • ·the times; the age; the day
    • ·tense
    N3
  • お
    • ·honorific/polite/humble prefix
    N3
  • 流すながすAs it appears here: 流さ
    • ·to drain; to pour; to run; to let flow; to flush; to shed (blood, tears); to spill
    • ·to float (e.g. logs down a river); to set adrift
    • ·to wash away; to carry away; to sweep away
    • ·to broadcast; to play (e.g. music over a loudspeaker); to send (electricity through a wire)
    • ·to circulate (a rumour, information, etc.); to spread; to distribute
    • ·to cruise (of a taxi); to stroll around (in search of customers, an audience, etc.); to go from place to place
    • ·to cancel (a plan, meeting, etc.); to call off; to reject (e.g. a bill)
    • ·to forfeit (a pawn)
    • ·to do leisurely (e.g. running, swimming); to do with ease; to do effortlessly
    • ·to exile; to banish
    • ·to hit (the ball) to the opposite field
    • ·to do inattentively; to do without concentrating; to put little effort into doing
    • ·to cause a miscarriage; to abort
    N3
Other levels37 words
  • 水みず
    • ·water (esp. cool or cold)
    • ·fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid
    • ·flood; floodwaters
    • ·water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
    • ·break granted to wrestlers engaged in a prolonged bout
    N5
  • とても
    • ·very; awfully; exceedingly
    • ·(not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
    N5
  • 大切たいせつ
    • ·important; significant; serious; crucial
    • ·precious; valuable; dear; cherished; beloved
    • ·careful
    N5
  • 飲むのむAs it appears here: 飲まなければ
    • ·to drink; to swallow; to take (medicine)
    • ·to smoke (tobacco)
    • ·to swallow up; to engulf
    • ·to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down; to hold back; to swallow (one's tears); to catch (one's breath)
    • ·to accept (a demand, conditions, etc.); to agree to
    • ·to make light of (someone); to think nothing of; to overwhelm; to overawe
    • ·to carry (a concealed dagger, etc.); to conceal (up one's sleeve, etc.)
    N5
  • 三さん
    • ·three; 3
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できない
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • 言ういうAs it appears here: 言われて
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • 一人ひとり
    • ·one person
    • ·being alone; being by oneself
    • ·being single; being unmarried
    • ·by oneself; alone
    • ·just; only; simply
    N5
  • 電気でんき
    • ·electricity
    • ·(electric) light
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あります
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: し
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: したら
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • どう
    • ·how; in what way; how about
    N5
  • 来るくる
    • ·to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive
    • ·to come back; to do ... and come back
    • ·to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue
    • ·to come from; to be caused by; to derive from
    • ·to come to (e.g. "when it comes to spinach ...")
    N5
  • かかるAs it appears here: かかった
    • ·to take (a resource, e.g. time or money)
    • ·to hang
    • ·to come into view; to arrive
    • ·to come under (a contract, a tax)
    • ·to start (engines, motors)
    • ·to attend; to deal with; to handle
    • ·to have started to; to be on the verge of
    • ·to overlap (e.g. information in a manual); to cover
    • ·to (come) at
    • ·to be fastened
    • ·to be covered (e.g. with dust, a table-cloth, etc.)
    • ·to be caught in
    • ·to get a call
    • ·to depend on
    • ·to begin (a task); to set about (doing); to get down to
    N5
  • ところ
    • ·place; spot; scene; site
    • ·address
    • ·district; area; locality
    • ·one's house
    • ·point; aspect; side; facet
    • ·passage (in text); part
    • ·space; room
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·whereupon; as a result
    • ·about to; on the verge of
    • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
    • ·approximately; around; about
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なります
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 一番いちばん
    • ·number one; first; first place
    • ·best; most
    • ·game; round; bout
    • ·as a test; as an experiment; by way of experiment; by way of trial; tentatively
    • ·song (e.g. in noh); piece
    N5
  • 風呂ふろ
    • ·bath; bathing; bathtub; bathroom
    • ·bathhouse; public bath
    • ·room for drying lacquerware
    • ·base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle)
    N5
  • だいたい
    • ·generally; on the whole; mostly; almost; nearly; approximately; roughly; about
    • ·general; rough
    • ·outline; main points; gist; substance; essence
    • ·in the first place; first and foremost; from the start; to begin with
    N4
  • 生きるいきる
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 地震じしん
    • ·earthquake
    N4
  • ガスがす
    • ·gas (as a fuel)
    • ·gas (state of matter)
    • ·poison gas
    • ·dense fog; thick fog
    • ·gas stove; gas cooker; gas range
    • ·gasoline; gas; petrol
    • ·flatulence; gas; wind; fart
    • ·gassed yarn
    N4
  • 水道すいどう
    • ·water supply; water service; waterworks; tap water
    • ·channel; strait
    • ·water course; waterway
    N4
  • 必ずかならず
    • ·always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
    N4
  • 用意ようい
    • ·preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
    N4
  • なくなるAs it appears here: なくなったり
    • ·to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing
    • ·to be used up; to be run out; to be exhausted; to be consumed; to be reduced to zero; to not occur any more
    • ·to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
    N4
  • 直るなおる
    • ·to get mended; to be repaired; to be fixed
    • ·to return to normal; to recover (e.g. one's temper); to be restored; to improve; to rally; to come right
    • ·to be corrected; to get put right; to be rectified
    • ·to come right; to cure (itself); to get cured
    • ·to sit properly
    • ·to be promoted; to rise
    • ·to have one's crimes forgiven
    N4
  • 以上いじょう
    • ·not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more
    • ·beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than
    • ·the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing
    • ·since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...
    • ·that's all; that is the end; the end
    N4
  • 集めるあつめる
    • ·to collect; to assemble; to gather
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 溜めるためるAs it appears here: 溜めて
    • ·to amass; to accumulate; to store
    • ·to leave unpaid
    N2
  • 非難ひなん
    • ·criticism; blame; censure; attack; reproach
    N1
  • 用品ようひん
    • ·articles; supplies (e.g. office supplies); things (for); utensils; goods; equipment
    N1
Grammar3 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • ことがあるN3

    After a plain verb, 'there are times when...'; after a past-tense verb (〜たことがある), 'have (ever) done, have the experience of'.

    地震が起こると、ガス・水道・電気が、使えなくなることがあります。

    When an earthquake occurs, gas, water, and electricity may become unavailable.

  • ためにN3

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    一番いい方法は、普段から地震が起こったときのため、お風呂のお湯を流さずに溜めておくことです。

    The best method is to make a habit of keeping the bathwater instead of draining it, so that it is available in case an earthquake occurs.

  • ずにN3

    Marks doing one thing without doing another; a more formal equivalent of 〜ないで — 'without …ing'.

    一番いい方法は、普段から地震が起こったときのため、お風呂のお湯を流さずに溜めておくことです。

    The best method is to make a habit of keeping the bathwater instead of draining it, so that it is available in case an earthquake occurs.

Other levels17 patterns
  • と言われている（といわれている）N4

    Passive 'say' plus progressive to state general hearsay or common belief — 'it is said that', 'people say that'.

    人間は、水を飲まなければ、だいたい三日間しか生きることができない、と言われています。

    It is said that without drinking water, a person can survive for only about three days.

  • などN4

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    _______、非難用品の中には、必ずミネラルウォーターなどを用意しておきましょう。

    _______, be sure to keep mineral water and similar supplies among your emergency evacuation items.

  • 〜ておくN42 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus 置く, doing something in advance as preparation or leaving it done for later — 'do ... in advance'.

    _______、非難用品の中には、必ずミネラルウォーターなどを用意しておきましょう。

    _______, be sure to keep mineral water and similar supplies among your emergency evacuation items.

  • たらN4

    Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').

    水を用意してなかったら、なくなったりしたらどうでしょうか。

    What would happen if you had not prepared any water, or if your supply ran out?

  • たらどう（ですか）N4

    Suggestion built on the たら conditional plus どう, softly recommending the listener try something ('why don't you ~? / how about ~?').

    水を用意してなかったら、なくなったりしたらどうでしょうか。

    What would happen if you had not prepared any water, or if your supply ran out?

  • までにN4

    Marks a deadline by which an action must be completed; 'by (a certain time).'

    阪神大震災では、給水車が来るまでに3～4日、水道が直るのに一ヶ月以上かかったところもあります。

    During the Great Hanshin Earthquake, in some places it took three to four days for water trucks to arrive, and in others it took more than a month for the water supply to be restored.

  • 〜のにN4

    Links two clauses so the result contradicts what the first clause leads you to expect — "even though ~ / although ~".

    阪神大震災では、給水車が来るまでに3～4日、水道が直るのに一ヶ月以上かかったところもあります。

    During the Great Hanshin Earthquake, in some places it took three to four days for water trucks to arrive, and in others it took more than a month for the water supply to be restored.

  • ところN4

    Marks the temporal stage of an action — 'about to,' 'in the middle of,' or 'just did' — depending on the preceding verb form.

    阪神大震災では、給水車が来るまでに3～4日、水道が直るのに一ヶ月以上かかったところもあります。

    During the Great Hanshin Earthquake, in some places it took three to four days for water trucks to arrive, and in others it took more than a month for the water supply to be restored.

  • ことになるN4

    Expresses that something has been decided or comes about, often through external circumstances rather than the speaker's own will; 'it has been decided that / it turns out that.'

    その間は、自分で水を集めることになります。

    During that time, you would have to collect water yourself.

  • ときN4

    Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

    一番いい方法は、普段から地震が起こったときのため、お風呂のお湯を流さずに溜めておくことです。

    The best method is to make a habit of keeping the bathwater instead of draining it, so that it is available in case an earthquake occurs.

  • とてもN5

    Degree adverb intensifying an adjective or adverb — "very / extremely."

    水はとても大切です。

    Water is extremely important.

  • だ / ですN53 times in this passage

    The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

    水はとても大切です。

    Water is extremely important.

  • 〜ことができるN5

    States that someone is able to do something — “can do” / “is able to do”.

    人間は、水を飲まなければ、だいたい三日間しか生きることができない、と言われています。

    It is said that without drinking water, a person can survive for only about three days.

  • 〜ましょうN5

    A polite invitation or suggestion to do something together — “let's do”.

    _______、非難用品の中には、必ずミネラルウォーターなどを用意しておきましょう。

    _______, be sure to keep mineral water and similar supplies among your emergency evacuation items.

  • 〜たり〜たりN5

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    水を用意してなかったら、なくなったりしたらどうでしょうか。

    What would happen if you had not prepared any water, or if your supply ran out?

  • だろうN5

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    水を用意してなかったら、なくなったりしたらどうでしょうか。

    What would happen if you had not prepared any water, or if your supply ran out?

  • 一番（いちばん）N5

    Marks the superlative, singling out the top item in a group — "the most / the best / number one".

    一番いい方法は、普段から地震が起こったときのため、お風呂のお湯を流さずに溜めておくことです。

    The best method is to make a habit of keeping the bathwater instead of draining it, so that it is available in case an earthquake occurs.

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