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N2 · Upper intermediateMedium passagePassage #139
2

いいぶんしょうそれものじゅうじつしたかんつくしきひとよろこひつようないこうひとたのひつようないひとこうにし、こころよよりも、それほんとうよかったおもぶんしょう

ぶんしょうにとってなにだいなのは、すぐれたないようとしてそのままあいつたことあるしたがっていいぶんしょうには「いいないよう」と「いいひょうげんというふたそくめんある

どれほどさいひょうげんひろも、そのおくあるないようつまらなければぶんしょうぜんたいひくそれではいいないようどのようしてだろうか。すぐれたないようとくていしゅだんようものかんがさきじゅつといったものやくひろかいどこどうか、それどこまでよくよくかんがよくあじか、そういうほとんどそのにんげんかたともものそこかかわっているからあるゆたないようふかこととおしてぜんだろう。

一方いっぽうどれほどすぐれたこうないようあたまなかあったとしても、それちょくせつじんこころことできない。というよりも、げんかたちことによってそれすぐれたこうあることはじめてかくにんできるのであるそので、ぶんしょうひょうげんなか発見はっけんありなかそうぞうあるいいないよういいひょうげんかたちじつげんし、いいぶんしょうなるぎゃくすぐれたことば姿すがたとおしてしかすぐれたないようというものそんざいことできないのである

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1筆者は、読者のためにどのような文章を書けばよいと考えているか。
  2. 2筆者によると、いい内容はどうすることで生まれるか。
  3. 3内容と表現の関係について、筆者はどのように述べているか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary4 words
  • 伝わるつたわる
    • ·to spread (of a rumour, news, etc.); to travel; to circulate; to go around; to be passed around; to become known
    • ·to be handed down (from generation to generation); to be passed down
    • ·to be introduced (to a country, region, etc.); to be brought; to come
    • ·to be conveyed (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to be felt; to come across
    • ·to travel (of sound, electricity, etc.); to propagate; to be conducted; to be transmitted
    • ·to go along; to move along
    N2
  • つまるAs it appears here: つまらなければ
    • ·to be packed (with); to be filled; to be full (e.g. of a schedule)
    • ·to be blocked (of a pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to be stopped up
    • ·to be become shorter; to shrink; to narrow
    • ·to be at a loss (for); to be pressed (for); to be stuck (for)
    • ·to come to the end; to be settled
    • ·to become a geminate consonant
    • ·to hit the bat close to the batter's hands (of a pitch); to hit off the fists; to get jammed
    N2
  • 特定とくてい
    • ·specific; particular; designated; special
    • ·specifying; designating; identifying; pinpointing
    N2
  • 味わうあじわう
    • ·to taste; to savor; to savour; to relish
    • ·to appreciate; to enjoy; to relish; to digest
    • ·to experience; to go through; to taste (e.g. victory); to know (e.g. pain)
    N2
Other levels87 words
  • 文章ぶんしょう
    • ·writing; composition; essay; article; passage; prose; (writing) style
    • ·sentence
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • 読むよむ
    • ·to read
    • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
    • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
    • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
    • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
    • ·to count; to estimate
    • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 時間じかん
    • ·time
    • ·hour
    • ·period; class; lesson
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 読むよむAs it appears here: 読んで
    • ·to read
    • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
    • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
    • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
    • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
    • ·to count; to estimate
    • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
    N5
  • よいAs it appears here: よかった
    • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
    • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
    • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
    • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
    • ·easy to ...
    N5
  • 書くかくAs it appears here: 書こう
    • ·to write; to compose; to pen
    • ·to draw; to paint
    N5
  • 二つふたつ
    • ·two
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • どれ
    • ·which (of three or more)
    • ·well; now; c'mon
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 低いひくい
    • ·low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.)
    • ·low (position); close to the ground
    • ·short (height)
    • ·deep (voice); in a low key; low (volume)
    N5
  • どの
    • ·which; what (way)
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 生まれるうまれる
    • ·to be born
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • どこ
    • ·where; what place
    • ·how much (long, far); what extent
    N5
  • どう
    • ·how; in what way; how about
    N5
  • よく
    • ·nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully
    • ·frequently; often
    • ·I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
    • ·(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...
    N5
  • 見るみるAs it appears here:
    • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
    • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
    • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
    • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
    • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
    • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • あたま
    • ·head
    • ·hair (on one's head)
    • ·mind; brains; intellect
    • ·leader; chief; boss; captain
    • ·top; tip
    • ·beginning; start
    • ·head; person
    • ·down payment; deposit
    • ·top structural component of a kanji
    • ·pair
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あった
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できない
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • いう
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • はじめて
    • ·for the first time
    • ·only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; not until ... do you ...
    • ·first time; (one's) first
    N5
  • できる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • 意味いみ
    • ·meaning; significance; sense
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 言ういうAs it appears here: 言えば
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • ことば
    • ·language; dialect
    • ·word; phrase; expression; term
    • ·speech; (manner of) speaking; (use of) language
    • ·words; remark; statement; comment
    • ·learning to speak; language acquisition
    N5
  • 知るしる
    • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
    • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
    • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
    • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
    • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
    • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
    N5
  • 喜ぶよろこぶAs it appears here: 喜ばせる
    • ·to be delighted; to be glad; to be pleased; to rejoice
    • ·to congratulate
    • ·to welcome (a proposal, advice, etc.); to take kindly to
    • ·to do with pleasure; to do gladly; to be happy (to do)
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思わせる
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 大事だいじ
    • ·important; serious; crucial
    • ·valuable; precious
    • ·serious matter; major incident; matter of grave concern; crisis
    • ·great undertaking; great enterprise; great thing
    • ·safe; OK
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えられない
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 技術ぎじゅつ
    • ·technology; engineering
    • ·technique; skill
    • ·art; craft
    N4
  • 役に立つやくにたつAs it appears here: 役に立たない
    • ·to be helpful; to be useful
    N4
  • 世界せかい
    • ·the world; society; the universe
    • ·sphere; circle; world
    • ·world-renowned; world-famous
    • ·realm governed by one Buddha; space
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考え
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • ほとんど
    • ·almost; nearly; mostly; practically; virtually; basically; just about; all but
    • ·hardly; barely; scarcely; little
    • ·large majority; large proportion; greater part; most (of); almost all (of)
    N4
  • 深いふかいAs it appears here: 深く
    • ·deep
    • ·profound
    • ·dense; thick
    • ·close (relationship)
    • ·intense; strong
    • ·late
    N4
  • 生きるいきる
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • かたち
    • ·(physical) form; shape; figure
    • ·visage; (facial) features; appearance (of a person); figure; looks
    • ·form (as opposed to substance); manner (of action); style; (outward) appearance
    • ·(resultant) state; situation; condition; form
    • ·behaviour (towards others); attitude; demeanor; manners
    • ·shape (positional qualities of a group of stones)
    N4
  • もの
    • ·person
    N3
  • 知識ちしき
    • ·knowledge; information
    N3
  • 利口りこう
    • ·clever; intelligent; bright; smart; wise; sensible; shrewd
    • ·well-behaved (esp. of children and pets); obedient; good
    N3
  • 酔うようAs it appears here: 酔わせる
    • ·to get drunk; to become intoxicated
    • ·to feel sick (e.g. in a vehicle); to become nauseated
    • ·to be elated; to be exalted; to be spellbound; to be in raptures
    N3
  • すぐれるAs it appears here: すぐれた
    • ·to be better (than); to be superior; to surpass; to excel; to be excellent
    N3
  • 内容ないよう
    • ·contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
    N3
  • そのまま
    • ·without change; as is
    • ·just like; extremely similar
    • ·immediately; just after; without a pause
    N3
  • 相手あいて
    • ·companion; partner; company
    • ·other party; addressee; counterparty
    • ·opponent (sports, etc.)
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • したがって
    • ·therefore; consequently; accordingly
    N3
  • 表現ひょうげん
    • ·expression; representation; description
    • ·representation (of a group)
    N3
  • おく
    • ·inner part; interior; back (of a drawer, one's throat, etc.); depths (e.g. of a forest); recesses (e.g. of a cave); heart; end (of a road, garden, etc.)
    • ·living quarters (at the back of a house); inner room
    • ·recesses (of one's mind); bottom (of one's heart); behind (someone's words); mysteries (of an art)
    • ·wife (of a person of high status)
    N3
  • 価値かち
    • ·value; worth; merit
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 手段しゅだん
    • ·means; way; measure
    N3
  • 広がるひろがる
    • ·to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
    N3
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • 豊かゆたか
    • ·abundant; plentiful; rich; ample
    • ·rich; wealthy; affluent; well-off
    • ·open (mind); relaxed; easy
    • ·plump (e.g. breasts); full; ample
    • ·(well) over; (easily) in excess of
    N3
  • とおすAs it appears here: とおして
    • ·to let pass; to allow through; to let through; to make way (for)
    • ·to transmit (e.g. light, sound, etc.); to conduct (electricity); to let permeate (e.g. water through a fabric); to permit through; to let through (e.g. air); to run through (e.g. a pipe); to penetrate; to let in
    • ·to stick through (e.g. a hole); to force through (e.g. an opening); to thread (e.g. a needle); to put through
    • ·to connect (e.g. two places); to open (a route, path, etc.); to link (e.g. by a road); to establish (a connection between); to join; to extend up to (somewhere)
    • ·to pass (a student, applicant, etc.); to admit (e.g. a student); to let through; to let in
    • ·to lead (someone) into (a house, room, etc.); to show in; to guide in; to admit (someone)
    • ·to present logically; to make (e.g. one's argument) convincing; to be consistent (in one's reasoning); to stick to (e.g. one's principles)
    • ·to go through (e.g. a middleman); to put as an intermediary; to mediate via (somebody); to do via (something)
    • ·to pass (a law); to put through (e.g. a motion); to make way (for)
    • ·to listen through (a door, wall, etc.); to look through (e.g. a window)
    • ·to heat thorougly (of food); to cook properly; to warm well; to heat evenly
    • ·to dip into (e.g. a sauce); to pass through (e.g. a broth); to put through (e.g. boiling water)
    • ·to make (someone) approve (e.g. a plan); to force agreement; to push through (a proposal, idea, will, etc.); to have one's way
    • ·to continue (in a state); to persist in (doing); to keep doing; to remain (in a state)
    • ·to do through the lens of; to view from the angle of; to do from the perspective of
    • ·to do to the entirety of; to cover all of; to span the whole
    • ·to do from beginning to end without a break; to finish in one session; to do all at once; to do in one go
    • ·to relay (a message, an order, etc.); to convey (an intention, meaning, etc.); to send through; to pass on (e.g. information); to make heard (e.g. one's voice)
    • ·to do ... to the end; to do ... continuously; to carry through ...; to complete ...
    N3
  • 自然しぜん
    • ·nature
    • ·natural; spontaneous; automatic
    • ·naturally; spontaneously; automatically
    N3
  • 一方いっぽう
    • ·one (esp. of two); the other; one way; the other way; one direction; the other direction; one side; the other side; one party; the other party
    • ·on the one hand; on the other hand
    • ·whereas; although; but at the same time; meanwhile; in turn
    • ·just keeps; being inclined to ...; tending to be ...; tending to do ...; continuously ...; just keeps on ...ing; only
    N3
  • 直接ちょくせつ
    • ·direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
    N3
  • 言語げんご
    • ·language
    N3
  • 確認かくにん
    • ·confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation; identification
    N3
  • 半ばなかば
    • ·middle; halfway; midway
    • ·half (of); one half
    • ·half (e.g. done, jokingly); partly; in part; partially
    • ·mostly; almost; nearly
    N3
  • 発見はっけん
    • ·discovery; detection; finding
    N3
  • 実現じつげん
    • ·implementation (e.g. of a system); materialization; materialisation; realization; realisation; actualization; actualisation
    N3
  • 姿すがた
    • ·figure; form; shape
    • ·appearance; dress; guise
    • ·state; condition; picture; image
    • ·form (of a waka)
    • ·dressed in ...; wearing ...
    N3
  • 存在そんざい
    • ·existence; being; presence
    N3
  • 充実じゅうじつ
    • ·fullness; completeness; perfection; substantiality
    • ·enhancement; improvement; enrichment; upgrading
    • ·replenishment; repletion
    N1
  • 楽しむたのしむAs it appears here: 楽しませる
    • ·to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to have fun; to amuse oneself
    • ·to look forward to
    N1
  • 快いこころよいAs it appears here: 快く
    • ·pleasant; agreeable; comfortable; refreshing
    N1
  • 何よりなにより
    • ·above anything else; above all; more than anything
    • ·best; greatest; excellent; wonderful; most important
    N1
  • 側面そくめん
    • ·side; flank; profile; sidelight; lateral
    • ·aspect; dimension
    N1
  • 自己じこ
    • ·self; oneself
    N1
  • 取り巻くとりまくAs it appears here: 取り巻いて
    • ·to surround; to encircle; to enclose
    • ·to fawn over (someone); to play up to; to curry favor with
    N1
  • 思考しこう
    • ·thought; consideration; thinking
    N1
  • 創造そうぞう
    • ·creation
    • ·Creation (by God)
    N1
Grammar4 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • といったN2

    Introduces representative examples before a summarizing noun — "(things) such as ~", "~ and the like".

    小手先の技術といったものは役に立たない。

    Superficial techniques are of no use.

  • に関わるN2

    Indicates that something touches on or critically affects the preceding matter — 'to concern', 'to affect', 'to be a matter of'.

    自己を取り巻いて果てしなく広がる世界のどこをどう切り取るか、それをどこまでよく見、よく考え、よく味わうか、そういうほとんどその人間の生き方とも言えるものがそこにかかわっているからである。

    This is because what is involved is almost the very way a person lives: what part of the endlessly expanding world around them they choose to cut out and how, and how closely they observe it, how deeply they think about it, and how fully they savor it.

  • としてもN2

    Concessive hypothetical attached to a plain form; 'even if / even supposing (that)'.

    一方、どれほどすぐれた思考内容が頭のなかにあったとしても、それが直接人の心を打つことはできない。

    On the other hand, no matter how excellent the thoughts in one's mind may be, they cannot directly move people's hearts on their own.

  • 逆に(ぎゃくに)N2

    Signals that what follows runs opposite to what was just said or expected — 'on the contrary', 'conversely', 'the other way around'.

    逆に言えば、すぐれたことばの姿をとおしてしか、すぐれた内容というものの存在を知ることはできないのである。

    Conversely, it is only through the form of excellent words that we can know that excellent content exists.

Other levels19 patterns
  • だの~だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    文章にとって何よりも大事なのは、すぐれた内容としてそのまま相手に伝わることである。

    What matters most in writing is that excellent content reaches the reader as such.

  • というものN1

    Emphasizes the entire stretch of a stated time period, or foregrounds the essential nature of a thing — "for the whole (time)...", "the very idea of...".

    逆に言えば、すぐれたことばの姿をとおしてしか、すぐれた内容というものの存在を知ることはできないのである。

    Conversely, it is only through the form of excellent words that we can know that excellent content exists.

  • よりもN32 times in this passage

    Emphatic comparison marking one thing as exceeding another — 'even more than, rather than'.

    人を利口にし、快く酔わせるよりも、それを読んで本当によかったと思わせる文章を書こう。

    Rather than writing to make readers cleverer or pleasantly intoxicated, write something that makes them feel genuinely glad they read it.

  • にとってN3

    Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

    文章にとって何よりも大事なのは、すぐれた内容としてそのまま相手に伝わることである。

    What matters most in writing is that excellent content reaches the reader as such.

  • としてN32 times in this passage

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    文章にとって何よりも大事なのは、すぐれた内容としてそのまま相手に伝わることである。

    What matters most in writing is that excellent content reaches the reader as such.

  • ままN3

    Expresses that a state is left unchanged while something else is done or happens; 'as it is / while still (in that state).'

    文章にとって何よりも大事なのは、すぐれた内容としてそのまま相手に伝わることである。

    What matters most in writing is that excellent content reaches the reader as such.

  • というN3

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    したがって、いい文章には「いい内容」と「いい表現」という二つの側面がある。

    Therefore, good writing has two aspects: “good content” and “good expression.”

  • というよりN3

    'Rather than … (it's more like)' — corrects one description in favour of a more fitting one.

    というよりも、言語の形をとることによって、それがすぐれた思考であることがはじめて確認できるのである。

    Or rather, it is only by taking the form of language that a thought can first be confirmed as an excellent one.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    というよりも、言語の形をとることによって、それがすぐれた思考であることがはじめて確認できるのである。

    Or rather, it is only by taking the form of language that a thought can first be confirmed as an excellent one.

  • と思う(とおもう)N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    人を利口にし、快く酔わせるよりも、それを読んで本当によかったと思わせる文章を書こう。

    Rather than writing to make readers cleverer or pleasantly intoxicated, write something that makes them feel genuinely glad they read it.

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    どれほど凝った多彩な表現が繰り広げられても、その奥にある内容がつまらなければ、文章全体として価値が低い。

    No matter how elaborate and varied the expressions may be, if the content beneath them is dull, the value of the writing as a whole is low.

  • ようにするN4

    Expresses making an ongoing effort or arranging things so that something does or doesn't happen — "make sure to / try to (do regularly)".

    それでは、いい内容はどのようにして生まれるのだろうか。

    Then how is good content produced?

  • ように / ようなN4

    Likens or exemplifies one thing by another, "like / as / similar to (a)".

    すぐれた内容を生み出す特定の手段のようなものは考えられない。

    It is difficult to imagine any particular method for producing excellent content.

  • にするN5

    To decide on or turn something into a given state or choice, 'to make it ~ / to go with ~.'

    人を利口にし、快く酔わせるよりも、それを読んで本当によかったと思わせる文章を書こう。

    Rather than writing to make readers cleverer or pleasantly intoxicated, write something that makes them feel genuinely glad they read it.

  • がありますN5

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    したがって、いい文章には「いい内容」と「いい表現」という二つの側面がある

    Therefore, good writing has two aspects: “good content” and “good expression.”

  • だろうN52 times in this passage

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    それでは、いい内容はどのようにして生まれるのだろうか。

    Then how is good content produced?

  • までN5

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    自己を取り巻いて果てしなく広がる世界のどこをどう切り取るか、それをどこまでよく見、よく考え、よく味わうか、そういうほとんどその人間の生き方とも言えるものがそこにかかわっているからである。

    This is because what is involved is almost the very way a person lives: what part of the endlessly expanding world around them they choose to cut out and how, and how closely they observe it, how deeply they think about it, and how fully they savor it.

  • 〜ているN5

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    自己を取り巻いて果てしなく広がる世界のどこをどう切り取るか、それをどこまでよく見、よく考え、よく味わうか、そういうほとんどその人間の生き方とも言えるものがそこにかかわっているからである。

    This is because what is involved is almost the very way a person lives: what part of the endlessly expanding world around them they choose to cut out and how, and how closely they observe it, how deeply they think about it, and how fully they savor it.

  • のでN52 times in this passage

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    というよりも、言語の形をとることによって、それがすぐれた思考であることがはじめて確認できるのである。

    Or rather, it is only by taking the form of language that a thought can first be confirmed as an excellent one.

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