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N1 · AdvancedShort passagePassage #118
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アメリカでは、会かい社しゃの教きょう育いく訓くん練れんもさることながら、個こ人じんが自じ己こ投とう資しをして資し格かくや能のう力りょくを身みにつけることが多おおいのに対たいして、日本にっぽんでは会かい社しゃの負ふ担たんによる教きょう育いく訓くん練れんの比ひ重じゅうが圧あっ倒とう的てきに高たかい。また、賃ちん金ぎんも日本にっぽんではそのひとの能のう力りょくや年ねん齢れい、学がく歴れきといったものを基き準じゅんにして支し払はらわれるのに対たいして、アメリカではそのひとの仕し事ごとに対たいして支し払はらわれるのが一般的いっぱんてきである。さらに、日本人にっぽんじんの多おおくは、正せい社しゃ員いんとして採さい用ようされたときから雇こ用よう保ほ障しょうが与あたえられていると考かんがえるのに対たいして、アメリカ人じんは、自じ分ぶんが会かい社しゃにとって有ゆう益えきな存そん在ざいとなることによって、それを自じ分ぶんでつくりだすものと考かんがえる。

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  1. 1この文章の内容に合っているものはどれか。

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Vocabulary9 words
  • 資格しかく
    • ·qualifications; requirements; capabilities
    N1
  • 負担ふたん
    • ·burden; load; responsibility
    • ·bearing (a cost, responsibility, etc.); shouldering
    N1
  • 比重ひじゅう
    • ·specific gravity; relative density
    • ·relative importance; weight
    N1
  • 賃金ちんぎん
    • ·wages; pay
    • ·rental payment
    N1
  • 学歴がくれき
    • ·academic background; academic credentials; academic record
    N1
  • 採用さいよう
    • ·use; adoption; acceptance
    • ·appointment; employment; engagement; recruitment
    N1
  • 雇用こよう
    • ·employment; hire
    N1
  • 保障ほしょう
    • ·guarantee; security; assurance; pledge
    • ·warranty
    N1
  • 有益ゆうえき
    • ·beneficial; profitable; useful; helpful; instructive
    N1
Other levels27 words
  • 会社かいしゃ
    • ·company; corporation; firm
    • ·one's workplace
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 多いおおい
    • ·many; numerous; a lot
    • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
    • ·frequent; common
    N5
  • 高いたかい
    • ·high; tall
    • ·expensive; high-priced
    • ·high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
    • ·loud
    • ·high-pitched; shrill
    N5
  • また
    • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
    • ·also; too; as well; likewise
    • ·on the other hand; while
    • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
    • ·or; otherwise
    • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
    • ·some time (in the future)
    • ·indirect
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • 仕事しごと
    • ·work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment
    • ·work
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: された
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • 教育きょういく
    • ·education; schooling; training; instruction; teaching; upbringing
    • ·culture; cultivation; education
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえる
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 訓練くんれん
    • ·training; drill; practice; discipline
    N3
  • さる
    • ·to leave; to go away
    • ·to pass; to elapse
    • ·to be distant
    • ·to send away; to drive off; to divorce
    • ·to (do) completely
    • ·last ... (e.g. "last April")
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 個人こじん
    • ·individual; private person; personal; private
    • ·natural person
    N3
  • 能力のうりょく
    • ·ability; faculty
    N3
  • 年齢ねんれい
    • ·age; years
    N3
  • 支払うしはらうAs it appears here: 支払われる
    • ·to pay
    N3
  • さらに
    • ·furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
    N3
  • とき
    • ·time; hour; moment
    • ·occasion; case
    • ·chance; opportunity; season
    • ·the times; the age; the day
    • ·tense
    N3
  • 与えるあたえるAs it appears here: 与えられて
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 存在そんざい
    • ·existence; being; presence
    N3
  • 基準きじゅん
    • ·standard; criterion; norm; benchmark; measure; gauge; basis
    N2
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • もさることながらN1

    Concedes one point as obvious in order to highlight a second: 'X goes without saying, but Y as well.'

    アメリカでは、会社の教育訓練もさることながら、個人が自己投資をして資格や能力を身につけることが多いのに対して、日本では会社の負担による教育訓練の比重が圧倒的に高い。

    In the United States, in addition to company education and training, individuals often invest in themselves to acquire qualifications and skills, whereas in Japan, education and training paid for by the company account for an overwhelmingly large share.

Other levels10 patterns
  • といったN2

    Introduces representative examples before a summarizing noun — "(things) such as ~", "~ and the like".

    また、賃金も日本ではそのひとの能力や年齢、学歴といったものを基準にして支払われるのに対して、アメリカではそのひとの仕事に対して支払われるのが一般的である。

    Furthermore, in Japan wages are paid on the basis of factors such as a person’s ability, age, and educational background, whereas in the United States they are generally paid for the job the person performs.

  • さらにN2

    Adds a further point or a greater degree — 'furthermore', 'moreover', 'even more'.

    さらに、日本人の多くは、正社員として採用されたときから雇用保障が与えられていると考えるのに対して、アメリカ人は、自分が会社にとって有益な存在となることによって、それを自分でつくりだすものと考える。

    Moreover, many Japanese people believe that employment security is granted to them from the moment they are hired as regular employees, whereas Americans see it as something they create for themselves by becoming valuable to the company.

  • に対してN34 times in this passage

    Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.

    アメリカでは、会社の教育訓練もさることながら、個人が自己投資をして資格や能力を身につけることが多いのに対して、日本では会社の負担による教育訓練の比重が圧倒的に高い。

    In the United States, in addition to company education and training, individuals often invest in themselves to acquire qualifications and skills, whereas in Japan, education and training paid for by the company account for an overwhelmingly large share.

  • によって/によるN32 times in this passage

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    アメリカでは、会社の教育訓練もさることながら、個人が自己投資をして資格や能力を身につけることが多いのに対して、日本では会社の負担による教育訓練の比重が圧倒的に高い。

    In the United States, in addition to company education and training, individuals often invest in themselves to acquire qualifications and skills, whereas in Japan, education and training paid for by the company account for an overwhelmingly large share.

  • 的（てき）N3

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    また、賃金も日本ではそのひとの能力や年齢、学歴といったものを基準にして支払われるのに対して、アメリカではそのひとの仕事に対して支払われるのが一般的である。

    Furthermore, in Japan wages are paid on the basis of factors such as a person’s ability, age, and educational background, whereas in the United States they are generally paid for the job the person performs.

  • としてN3

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    さらに、日本人の多くは、正社員として採用されたときから雇用保障が与えられていると考えるのに対して、アメリカ人は、自分が会社にとって有益な存在となることによって、それを自分でつくりだすものと考える。

    Moreover, many Japanese people believe that employment security is granted to them from the moment they are hired as regular employees, whereas Americans see it as something they create for themselves by becoming valuable to the company.

  • にとってN3

    Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

    さらに、日本人の多くは、正社員として採用されたときから雇用保障が与えられていると考えるのに対して、アメリカ人は、自分が会社にとって有益な存在となることによって、それを自分でつくりだすものと考える。

    Moreover, many Japanese people believe that employment security is granted to them from the moment they are hired as regular employees, whereas Americans see it as something they create for themselves by becoming valuable to the company.

  • ときN4

    Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

    さらに、日本人の多くは、正社員として採用されたときから雇用保障が与えられていると考えるのに対して、アメリカ人は、自分が会社にとって有益な存在となることによって、それを自分でつくりだすものと考える。

    Moreover, many Japanese people believe that employment security is granted to them from the moment they are hired as regular employees, whereas Americans see it as something they create for themselves by becoming valuable to the company.

  • にするN5

    To decide on or turn something into a given state or choice, 'to make it ~ / to go with ~.'

    また、賃金も日本ではそのひとの能力や年齢、学歴といったものを基準にして支払われるのに対して、アメリカではそのひとの仕事に対して支払われるのが一般的である。

    Furthermore, in Japan wages are paid on the basis of factors such as a person’s ability, age, and educational background, whereas in the United States they are generally paid for the job the person performs.

  • 〜ているN5

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    さらに、日本人の多くは、正社員として採用されたときから雇用保障が与えられていると考えるのに対して、アメリカ人は、自分が会社にとって有益な存在となることによって、それを自分でつくりだすものと考える。

    Moreover, many Japanese people believe that employment security is granted to them from the moment they are hired as regular employees, whereas Americans see it as something they create for themselves by becoming valuable to the company.

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