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N1 · AdvancedShort passagePassage #112
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ある医い者しゃから聞きいた話はなしだが、薬やく物ぶつ依い存そんの患かん者じゃに、本ほん物ものそっくりの薬くすりを渡わたすと症しょう状じょうが落おち着つくことがあるという。その後ご、「薬くすりがなくても大だい丈じょう夫ぶ」と説せつ明めいすると、薬くすりから離はなれるきっかけになるというのだ。これは治ち療りょうの一環いっかんとして行おこなわれるそうである。

こんなことができるのは、患かん者じゃが、にせの薬くすりを「本ほん物ものの薬くすり」と思おもいこむことで効こう果かが現あらわれる「プラセボ効こう果か」が存そん在ざいするからだ。

昔むかしから、珍めずらしい植しょく物ぶつとか、動どう物ぶつの骨ほねとかが難なん病びょうに効きくという話はなしがよくある。成せい分ぶんからすると効きくはずのないものが長ながく薬くすりとして使つかわれた背はい景けいには、プラセボ効こう果かがあるとみられる。

Questions

0/1 answered
  1. 1次のうち、プラセボ効果に相当するのはどれか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary2 words
  • 治療ちりょう
    • ·(medical) treatment; care; therapy; cure; remedy
    N1
  • 背景はいけい
    • ·background; scenery; backdrop; setting
    • ·background (of an incident, situation, etc.); circumstances; context
    • ·backing; support (from behind the scenes)
    N1
Other levels35 words
  • 医者いしゃ
    • ·doctor; physician
    N5
  • 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞いた
    • ·to hear
    • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
    • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
    • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
    • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
    • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
    • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N5
  • 話はなし
    • ·talk; speech; chat; conversation
    • ·topic; subject
    • ·discussions; negotiation; argument
    • ·rumor; talk; hearsay
    • ·tale; story; fable
    • ·circumstances; particulars
    N5
  • 薬くすり
    • ·medicine; pharmaceuticals; (legal) drugs; pill; ointment; salve
    • ·efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.)
    • ·(pottery) glaze
    • ·(illegal) drug; narcotic
    • ·small bribe
    N5
  • 渡すわたす
    • ·to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to traverse
    • ·to lay across; to build across
    • ·to hand over; to hand in; to pass; to give; to transfer
    N5
  • いう
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • 大丈夫だいじょうぶ
    • ·safe; secure; sound; problem-free; without fear; all right; alright; OK; okay
    • ·certainly; surely; undoubtedly
    • ·no thanks; I'm good; that's alright
    • ·great man; fine figure of a man
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • できる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • 動物どうぶつ
    • ·animal
    N5
  • よく
    • ·nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully
    • ·frequently; often
    • ·I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
    • ·(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • 長いながいAs it appears here: 長く
    • ·long (distance, length)
    • ·long (time); protracted; prolonged
    N5
  • 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使われた
    • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
    • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
    • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
    • ·to use (language); to speak
    N5
  • みるAs it appears here: みられる
    • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
    • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
    • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
    • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
    • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
    • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
    N5
  • 説明せつめい
    • ·explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
    N4
  • 行うおこなうAs it appears here: 行われる
    • ·to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
    N4
  • 昔むかし
    • ·the old days; the past; former times; a long time ago
    • ·the past ten years; the past decade
    N4
  • 珍しいめずらしい
    • ·rare; uncommon; unusual; curious
    • ·new; novel
    • ·fine; nice; splendid; precious
    N4
  • はず
    • ·should (be); bound (to be); expected (to be); must (be)
    • ·nock (of a bow)
    • ·nock (of an arrow)
    • ·nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger)
    • ·wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
    N4
  • 患者かんじゃ
    • ·patient
    N3
  • 本物ほんもの
    • ·genuine article; real thing; real deal
    N3
  • 症状しょうじょう
    • ·symptoms; condition (of a patient)
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 離れるはなれる
    • ·to be separated; to be apart; to be distant
    • ·to leave; to go away
    • ·to leave (a job, etc.); to quit; to give up
    • ·to lose connection with; to drift away from
    N3
  • 効果こうか
    • ·effect; effectiveness; efficacy; result
    • ·effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
    N3
  • 現れるあらわれる
    • ·to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to come out; to embody; to materialize; to materialise
    • ·to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
    N3
  • 存在そんざい
    • ·existence; being; presence
    N3
  • 植物しょくぶつ
    • ·plant; vegetation
    N3
  • 骨ほね
    • ·bone
    • ·frame
    • ·outline; core
    • ·backbone; spirit; fortitude
    • ·laborious; troublesome; difficult
    N3
  • 効くきく
    • ·to be effective; to take effect; to be good (for)
    • ·to work; to function well
    • ·to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N3
  • きっかけ
    • ·chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus; occasion
    N2
  • 成分せいぶん
    • ·ingredient; component; composition
    N2
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • からある / からする / からのN1

    Attached to a number, it stresses that the quantity, size, or price is impressively large — 'as much as,' 'no less than.'

    成分からすると効くはずのないものが長く薬として使われた背景には、プラセボ効果があるとみられる。

    The placebo effect is thought to lie behind the long-standing use as medicines of substances whose ingredients should not actually have any therapeutic effect.

Other levels7 patterns
  • ことがあるN3

    After a plain verb, 'there are times when...'; after a past-tense verb (〜たことがある), 'have (ever) done, have the experience of'.

    ある医者から聞いた話だが、薬物依存の患者に、本物そっくりの薬を渡すと症状が落ち着くことがあるという。

    I heard from a doctor that when patients with drug dependence are given imitation medicine that looks just like the real thing, their symptoms sometimes subside.

  • というN33 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    ある医者から聞いた話だが、薬物依存の患者に、本物そっくりの薬を渡すと症状が落ち着くことがあるという。

    I heard from a doctor that when patients with drug dependence are given imitation medicine that looks just like the real thing, their symptoms sometimes subside.

  • としてN32 times in this passage

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    これは治療の一環として行われるそうである。

    Apparently, this is carried out as part of the treatment.

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    その後、「薬がなくても大丈夫」と説明すると、薬から離れるきっかけになるというのだ。

    Afterward, explaining to them that “you are fine even without the medicine” can provide an opportunity for them to break free from it.

  • とか～とかN42 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative, non-exhaustive examples — 'things like X and Y', 'X, Y, and so on'.

    昔から、珍しい植物とか、動物の骨とかが難病に効くという話がよくある。

    Since ancient times, there have often been claims that rare plants or animal bones are effective against serious illnesses.

  • 〜ことができるN5

    States that someone is able to do something — “can do” / “is able to do”.

    こんなことができるのは、患者が、にせの薬を「本物の薬」と思いこむことで効果が現れる「プラセボ効果」が存在するからだ。

    This is possible because of the “placebo effect,” in which an effect appears when patients believe that a fake medicine is “real medicine.”

  • がありますN5

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    成分からすると効くはずのないものが長く薬として使われた背景には、プラセボ効果があるとみられる。

    The placebo effect is thought to lie behind the long-standing use as medicines of substances whose ingredients should not actually have any therapeutic effect.

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