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N1 · AdvancedThematic comprehensionPassage #105
2

日本人にっぽんじんせいないということよくいることけれどこんかいてきに、1しゅうかんあるねんかんどれだけはたらか、ということについてじょうしきてきもうおこないることには、わたしいつもかんおぼいる

わたしまいとししんたいしょうがいしゃかたイスラエルイタリアなどたびしているが、一昨年いっさくねんシナイさんのぼもうじんも6にんボランティアじょりょくちょうじょうきわだんすうじゅうしかあるくるまひとにも、ちょうじょうへのみちすこあるもらったしょうがいしゃにとってさんちょうは、けっげんじつやまいただではないもしだん100しかあるしょうがいしゃが、がんそのかぎさんどう200あるちからそここそそのひとにとってこうえいあるさんちょうなのである

にんげんしゅうなんかんはたらべきか、ということにも、ひとりひとりてきせつかんあるおもろうどうかんいちりつならない、とするのはせんもんしょくではないじゅくれんろうどうたいじゅんとしてのみゆうこうあるじゅくれんろうどうしゃあいは、かんあたりろうどうちんぎんできるだけたかし、それによってろうどうかんたんしゅくしようとしてとうぜんある

しかしせんもんしょくごとじゅうするひとは、ろうどうほうしゅうかんあたりきんがくなどほとんどもんだいがいだ。わたししょうせつだが、しょうせつごとせんもんしょくぞくからひとつさくひんためどれだけかんかけよう勝手かってあるたんぺんほんの2、3かんしまうことあるし、10ねん20ねんりょうあつ調しらつづやっかんせいするものあるひとつさくひんわたしどれだけかんろうりょく調ちょうかけようが、ちゅうなんかんずつはたらが、それひそプロあるじょうゆうある

日本にっぽんしゃかいなかしょくどうりょうたがけんせいするのでいいはずやすひとたしかなりいるちいかいしゃしゃちょうたのと、したくないざんぎょうしなければならなくなるしゃいんいるそうしないかいしゃつぶしっしょくすることみえているからあるその結果けっかろうなどということまれにはことなる

しかし日本人にっぽんじんなかには、ごとしゅというひとじつおおブルーカラーいるひとなかさえどうしたらごとのうりつかんがいるひとざらあるしゅなりかけているものが、たまたまかいしゃごとからかんかえねばならないそれプロたのさまたことあって、一種いっしゅじんゆうそくばくというものある

ただそれほどはたらたくないひとごとしないゆうかんぜんまもように、しゃかいたいせいつくべきあるしかしどういちりつやすというようしゃかいしゅてき発想はっそういくらかいりゅうこうだとはいえゆうしているにんげんたいじんへのかんしょうありれいある

Questions

0/4 answered
  1. 1違和感を覚えているのはなぜか。
  2. 2筆者は障害者にとっての山頂とはどこだと言っているか。
  3. 3筆者は、プロの楽しみとは何だごと言っているか。
  4. 4筆者の考えに合っているものはどれか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary11 words
  • 個性こせい
    • ·individuality; personality; quirk; idiosyncrasy; character; individual characteristic
    N1
  • 賃金ちんぎん
    • ·wages; pay
    • ·rental payment
    N1
  • 短縮たんしゅく
    • ·shortening; contraction; reduction; curtailment; abbreviation
    N1
  • 従事じゅうじ
    • ·engaging in (work); pursuing (e.g. studies); following (a profession); being involved in
    N1
  • 報酬ほうしゅう
    • ·remuneration; recompense; reward; toll
    N1
  • ほんの
    • ·mere; only; just; slight
    N1
  • 労力ろうりょく
    • ·labour; labor; effort; toil; trouble
    N1
    • ·cost; expense
    N1
  • 上がるあがる
    • ·to rise; to go up; to come up; to ascend; to be raised
    • ·to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to go in
    • ·to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade
    • ·to get out (of water); to come ashore; to be washed ashore
    • ·to float atop the water; to surface from the sea (e.g. of a corpse); to rise to the surface
    • ·to increase; to be raised (e.g. of a salary); to rise
    • ·to improve; to make progress
    • ·to be promoted; to advance
    • ·to be made (of profit, etc.)
    • ·to occur (esp. of a favourable result)
    • ·to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.)
    • ·to be finished; to be done; to be over
    • ·to stop (of rain); to clear up (of weather)
    • ·to stop (working properly); to cut out; to give out; to die
    • ·to win (in a card game, etc.)
    • ·to be spoken loudly; to be raised loudly (of a voice)
    • ·to get nervous; to get stage fright
    • ·to be offered (to the gods, etc.)
    • ·to go; to visit
    • ·to eat; to drink
    • ·to serve (in one's master's home)
    • ·to enter a red light district; to amuse oneself in a red light district; to visit a brothel
    • ·to arise vigorously (e.g. of voices in excitement); to become excited; to be in uproar (e.g. of a crowd)
    • ·to be complete; to finish
    • ·adds the connotation of an action happening strongly or violently
    • ·above; north of
    N1
  • 束縛そくばく
    • ·restraint; restriction; fetters; yoke; shackles
    • ·binding; confinement with rope
    N1
  • 干渉かんしょう
    • ·interference; intervention; meddling
    N1
Other levels120 words
  • よく
    • ·nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully
    • ·frequently; often
    • ·I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
    • ·(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...
    N5
  • 言ういうAs it appears here: 言われて
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • どれ
    • ·which (of three or more)
    • ·well; now; c'mon
    N5
  • 働くはたらく
    • ·to work; to labor; to labour
    • ·to function; to operate; to be effective; to work (i.e. ... works); to come into play
    • ·to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate; to do; to act; to practise; to practice
    • ·to be conjugated
    N5
  • わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • いつも
    • ·always; all the time; at all times
    • ·never
    • ·usual; regular; habitual; customary
    N5
  • 覚えるおぼえるAs it appears here: 覚えて
    • ·to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
    • ·to learn; to pick up; to acquire
    • ·to feel
    • ·to think; to regard
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 一昨年いっさくねん
    • ·year before last
    N5
  • 登るのぼるAs it appears here: 登った
    • ·to ascend; to go up; to climb
    • ·to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise
    • ·to go to (the capital)
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to add up to
    • ·to advance (in price)
    • ·to swim up (a river); to sail up
    • ·to come up (on the agenda)
    N5
  • 歩けるあるけるAs it appears here: 歩けない
    • ·to walk
    N5
  • みち
    • ·road; path; street; lane; passage
    • ·route; way
    • ·distance; journey
    • ·road (e.g. to victory); course
    • ·way (of living, proper conduct, etc.); moral principles
    • ·teachings (esp. Confucian or Buddhist); dogma
    • ·field (e.g. of medicine); subject; speciality
    • ·means; way; method
    N5
  • 歩くあるくAs it appears here: 歩いて
    • ·to walk
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 時間じかん
    • ·time
    • ·hour
    • ·period; class; lesson
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 高いたかいAs it appears here: 高く
    • ·high; tall
    • ·expensive; high-priced
    • ·high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
    • ·loud
    • ·high-pitched; shrill
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しよう
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • 呼ぶよぶAs it appears here: 呼ばれる
    • ·to call out (to); to call; to invoke
    • ·to summon (a doctor, etc.)
    • ·to invite
    • ·to designate; to name; to brand
    • ·to garner (support, etc.); to gather
    • ·to take as one's wife
    N5
  • 仕事しごと
    • ·work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment
    • ·work
    N5
  • ひとつ
    • ·one
    • ·for one thing
    • ·only
    • ·(not) even
    • ·just (e.g. "just try it")
    • ·some kind of; one type of
    N5
  • かけるAs it appears here: かけよう
    • ·to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)
    • ·to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover; to lay; to spread
    • ·to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.)
    • ·to make (a call)
    • ·to spend (time, money); to expend; to use
    • ·to pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto
    • ·to turn on (an engine, radio, etc.); to set (a dial, alarm clock, etc.); to put on (a DVD, song, etc.); to use (a device, implement, etc.)
    • ·to cause (someone inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose
    • ·to multiply (arithmetic operation)
    • ·to secure (e.g. lock)
    • ·to take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else)
    • ·to bind
    • ·to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
    • ·to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
    • ·to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
    • ·to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
    • ·to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
    • ·to increase further
    • ·to catch (in a trap, etc.)
    • ·to set atop
    • ·to erect (a makeshift building)
    • ·to apply (insurance)
    • ·to pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words
    • ·to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ...
    • ·to address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone)
    N5
  • 書くかくAs it appears here: 書いて
    • ·to write; to compose; to pen
    • ·to draw; to paint
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • 働くはたらくAs it appears here: 働こう
    • ·to work; to labor; to labour
    • ·to function; to operate; to be effective; to work (i.e. ... works); to come into play
    • ·to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate; to do; to act; to practise; to practice
    • ·to be conjugated
    N5
  • 取るとるAs it appears here: 取って
    • ·to take; to pick up; to grab; to catch; to hold
    • ·to pass; to hand; to give
    • ·to get; to obtain; to acquire; to win; to receive; to earn; to take (e.g. a vacation)
    • ·to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.); to take (a measure, attitude, etc.); to choose
    • ·to remove; to get rid of; to take off
    • ·to take away; to steal; to rob
    • ·to eat; to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
    • ·to pick (e.g. flowers); to gather; to extract (e.g. juice); to catch (e.g. fish); to harvest (a crop)
    • ·to take up (time, space); to occupy; to spare; to set aside
    • ·to secure; to reserve; to save; to put aside; to keep
    • ·to take (e.g. a joke); to interpret; to understand; to make out; to grasp
    • ·to record; to take down
    • ·to subscribe to (e.g. a newspaper); to take; to buy; to get
    • ·to order; to have delivered
    • ·to charge; to fine; to take (tax)
    • ·to take (e.g. a wife); to take on (e.g. an apprentice); to adopt; to accept
    • ·to take control of; to take (the rudder)
    • ·to compete (in sumo, cards, etc.); to play
    N5
  • 休みやすみ
    • ·rest; recess; respite
    • ·vacation; holiday; absence; suspension
    • ·dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
    N5
  • いる
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • 小さなちいさな
    • ·small; little; tiny
    N5
  • 会社かいしゃ
    • ·company; corporation; firm
    • ·one's workplace
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しなければ
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しない
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
    • ·eye; eyeball
    • ·eyesight; sight; vision
    • ·look; stare; gaze; glance
    • ·notice; attention; observation; eyes (of the world, public, etc.)
    • ·an experience
    • ·viewpoint
    • ·discrimination; discernment; judgement; eye (e.g. for quality)
    • ·(an) appearance
    • ·chance (of success); possibility (of a good result)
    • ·spacing (between crossed strands of a net, mesh, etc.); opening; stitch; texture; weave
    • ·grain (of wood, paper)
    • ·eye (of a storm, needle, etc.)
    • ·intersection (on a go board); square (on a chessboard)
    • ·dot (on a dice); pip; rolled number
    • ·graduation; division (of a scale)
    • ·tooth (of a saw, comb, etc.)
    • ·ordinal number suffix
    • ·somewhat; -ish
    • ·point (e.g. of change)
    • ·eye (empty space inside a group of stones)
    N5
  • 起きるおきる
    • ·to get up; to rise; to blaze up (fire)
    • ·to wake up; to be awake; to stay awake
    • ·to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen; to take place
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • 多いおおい
    • ·many; numerous; a lot
    • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
    • ·frequent; common
    N5
  • 呼ぶよぶAs it appears here: 呼ばれて
    • ·to call out (to); to call; to invoke
    • ·to summon (a doctor, etc.)
    • ·to invite
    • ·to designate; to name; to brand
    • ·to garner (support, etc.); to gather
    • ·to take as one's wife
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • どう
    • ·how; in what way; how about
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: したら
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なり
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 来るくるAs it appears here: 来たら
    • ·to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive
    • ·to come back; to do ... and come back
    • ·to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue
    • ·to come from; to be caused by; to derive from
    • ·to come to (e.g. "when it comes to spinach ...")
    N5
  • 帰るかえるAs it appears here: 帰ら
    • ·to return; to come home; to go home; to go back
    • ·to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.)
    • ·to get home; to get to home plate
    N5
  • 働くはたらくAs it appears here: 働き
    • ·to work; to labor; to labour
    • ·to function; to operate; to be effective; to work (i.e. ... works); to come into play
    • ·to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate; to do; to act; to practise; to practice
    • ·to be conjugated
    N5
  • いくら
    • ·how much
    • ·something over; and something; -odd
    • ·however (much); no matter how
    N5
  • いうAs it appears here: いえ
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
    • ·hand; arm
    • ·forepaw; foreleg
    • ·handle
    • ·hand; worker; help
    • ·trouble; care; effort
    • ·means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship
    • ·hand; handwriting
    • ·kind; type; sort
    • ·one's hands; one's possession
    • ·ability to cope
    • ·hand (of cards)
    • ·direction
    • ·move (in go, shogi, etc.)
    N5
  • 行うおこなうAs it appears here: 行われて
    • ·to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
    N4
  • 決してけっして
    • ·(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
    N4
  • もし
    • ·if; in case; supposing
    N4
    • ·day; days
    • ·sun; sunshine; sunlight
    • ·(the) day; daytime; daylight
    • ·date; deadline
    • ·(past) days; time (e.g. of one's childhood)
    • ·case (esp. unfortunate); event
    N4
  • 思うおもう
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 決めるきめるAs it appears here: 決めなければ
    • ·to decide; to choose; to determine; to make up one's mind; to resolve; to set one's heart on; to settle; to arrange; to set; to appoint; to fix
    • ·to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match)
    • ·to persist in doing; to go through with
    • ·to always do; to have made a habit of
    • ·to take for granted; to assume
    • ·to dress up; to dress to kill; to dress to the nines
    • ·to carry out successfully (a move in sports, a pose in dance, etc.); to succeed in doing
    • ·to immobilize with a double-arm lock (in sumo, judo, etc.)
    • ·to eat or drink something; to take illegal drugs
    N4
  • 場合ばあい
    • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
    N4
  • ほとんど
    • ·almost; nearly; mostly; practically; virtually; basically; just about; all but
    • ·hardly; barely; scarcely; little
    • ·large majority; large proportion; greater part; most (of); almost all (of)
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 集めるあつめるAs it appears here: 集め
    • ·to collect; to assemble; to gather
    N4
  • 調べるしらべるAs it appears here: 調べ
    • ·to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study; to inquire; to search
    N4
  • 以上いじょう
    • ·not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more
    • ·beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than
    • ·the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing
    • ·since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...
    • ·that's all; that is the end; the end
    N4
  • 自由じゆう
    • ·freedom; liberty
    N4
  • 社会しゃかい
    • ·society; public; community; the world
    • ·social studies
    N4
  • はず
    • ·should (be); bound (to be); expected (to be); must (be)
    • ·nock (of a bow)
    • ·nock (of an arrow)
    • ·nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger)
    • ·wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
    N4
  • 社長しゃちょう
    • ·company president; manager; director
    N4
  • みえるAs it appears here: みえて
    • ·to be seen; to be visible; to be in sight
    • ·to look; to seem; to appear
    • ·to come
    N4
  • 趣味しゅみ
    • ·hobby; pastime
    • ·tastes; preference; liking
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 楽しみたのしみ
    • ·enjoyment; pleasure; amusement; delight; joy; fun; diversion; hobby
    • ·anticipation; looking forward to; something to look forward to
    N4
  • それほど
    • ·to that degree; to that extent; that much
    N4
  • 世界せかい
    • ·the world; society; the universe
    • ·sphere; circle; world
    • ·world-renowned; world-famous
    • ·realm governed by one Buddha; space
    N4
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 週間しゅうかん
    • ·week
    N3
  • 或いはあるいは
    • ·or; either ... or
    • ·maybe; perhaps; possibly
    • ·some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
    N3
  • 年間ねんかん
    • ·(period of) a year
    • ·during the era (of)
    N3
  • たび
    • ·travel; trip; journey
    N3
  • 得るえるAs it appears here: 得て
    • ·to be able to ...; can ...
    • ·to get; to acquire; to obtain; to procure; to earn; to win; to gain; to secure; to attain
    N3
  • 頂上ちょうじょう
    • ·top; summit; peak
    N3
  • 普段ふだん
    • ·usual; normal; everyday; habitual; ordinary
    • ·usually; normally; generally; habitually; always
    N3
  • 現実げんじつ
    • ·reality; actuality; hard fact
    N3
  • 限るかぎるAs it appears here: 限り
    • ·to restrict; to limit; to confine
    • ·to be restricted to; to be limited to; to be confined to
    • ·to be best (for); to be the best plan; to be the only way (to)
    N3
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • しゅう
    • ·week
    N3
  • ひとりひとり
    • ·each (person); individually; one by one; one at a time; in turn
    N3
  • 適切てきせつ
    • ·appropriate; suitable; fitting; apt; proper; right; pertinent; relevant
    N3
  • 労働ろうどう
    • ·labor; labour; work
    • ·Labour Party
    N3
  • 有効ゆうこう
    • ·valid; effective
    • ·yuko (judo)
    N3
  • あたり
    • ·(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity; nearby; surroundings
    • ·around; about; or thereabouts
    • ·for instance; say; such as
    N3
  • できるだけ
    • ·as much as one can; as much as possible; if at all possible
    N3
  • 金額きんがく
    • ·amount of money; sum
    N3
  • 作品さくひん
    • ·work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
    N3
  • 完成かんせい
    • ·completion; perfection; accomplishment
    N3
  • 調査ちょうさ
    • ·investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
    N3
  • 同僚どうりょう
    • ·coworker; co-worker; colleague; associate
    N3
  • 取れるとれるAs it appears here: 取れない
    • ·to come off (of a button, handle, lid, etc.)
    • ·to go away (of a fever, pain, swelling, etc.); to disappear; to come out (of a stain); to come off (e.g. of dust); to be removed (e.g. of wrinkles)
    • ·to be harvested; to be picked; to be produced; to be caught (of fish); to be obtained; to be extracted
    • ·to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as); to be understood (as); to be read (as)
    • ·to be attained (of balance, harmony, etc.); to be achieved
    • ·to be able to get; to be able to obtain; to be able to secure; to be able to win; to be able to catch
    N3
  • 頼みこむたのみこむAs it appears here: 頼みこまれる
    • ·to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
    N3
  • 結果けっか
    • ·result; consequence; outcome; effect
    • ·as a result of ...; as a consequence of ...; after ...; following ...
    • ·bearing fruit; fruiting
    N3
  • 実にじつに
    • ·really; truly; indeed; very; extremely; terribly
    N3
  • たまたま
    • ·by chance; by accident; accidentally; happen to (be, do); unexpectedly; casually
    • ·occasionally; once in a while; now and then
    N3
  • 一種いっしゅ
    • ·a kind; a sort; a variety; a species
    • ·of sorts; something of a; a sort of
    • ·sort of; somewhat
    N3
  • 個人こじん
    • ·individual; private person; personal; private
    • ·natural person
    N3
  • ただ
    • ·ordinary; common; usual
    • ·free of charge
    • ·unaffected; as is; safe
    • ·only; merely; just; simply
    • ·but; however; nevertheless
    N3
  • 完全かんぜん
    • ·perfect; complete
    N3
  • 守れるまもれる
    • ·to protect; to guard; to defend
    • ·to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe; to obey; to follow
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 取れるとれるAs it appears here: 取れ
    • ·to come off (of a button, handle, lid, etc.)
    • ·to go away (of a fever, pain, swelling, etc.); to disappear; to come out (of a stain); to come off (e.g. of dust); to be removed (e.g. of wrinkles)
    • ·to be harvested; to be picked; to be produced; to be caught (of fish); to be obtained; to be extracted
    • ·to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as); to be understood (as); to be read (as)
    • ·to be attained (of balance, harmony, etc.); to be achieved
    • ·to be able to get; to be able to obtain; to be able to secure; to be able to win; to be able to catch
    N3
  • 流行りゅうこう
    • ·fashion; trend; vogue; craze; fad; popularity
    • ·prevalence (of a disease); epidemic
    N3
  • 基準きじゅん
    • ·standard; criterion; norm; benchmark; measure; gauge; basis
    N2
  • 短編たんぺん
    • ·short story; short film; short poem
    N2
  • 資料しりょう
    • ·material; materials; data; information; documents
    N2
  • 潰れるつぶれるAs it appears here: 潰れて
    • ·to be crushed; to be squashed; to be smashed; to be destroyed; to be broken; to collapse
    • ·to go bankrupt; to go under; to fail; to collapse
    • ·to be ruined (of a plan); to be cancelled; to collapse (e.g. of a project); to fall through; to blow up
    • ·to be lost (of one's voice, eyesight, sense of smell, etc.); to cease functioning
    • ·to be taken up (of one's time); to be lost; to be wasted
    • ·to be missed (of a chance); to be lost
    • ·to be lost (of face, composure, etc.); to broken down (e.g. of one's courage); to be broken (of one's heart)
    • ·to be worn down (of a pen nib, saw teeth, etc.); to wear away; to become dull
    • ·to get dead drunk
    N2
  • まれ
    • ·rare; seldom
    N2
  • 能率のうりつ
    • ·efficiency
    • ·moment
    N2
  • 妨げるさまたげる
    • ·to disturb; to prevent; to obstruct; to hinder
    N2
  • 体制たいせい
    • ·order; system; structure; set-up; organization; organisation
    N2
  • 発想はっそう
    • ·idea; conception
    • ·way of thinking; approach
    • ·expression
    N2
Grammar2 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • だの~だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    もし普段100歩しか歩けない障害者が、頑張ってその日に限り、山道を200歩歩いて力尽きたら、そここそがその人にとっての光栄ある山頂なのである。

    If a person with a disability who can normally walk only 100 steps pushes themselves to walk 200 steps along a mountain path that day before reaching their limit, that very spot is their glorious summit.

  • とはいえN1

    concedes the preceding point while immediately qualifying it ('although / having said that / even so').

    しかし同時に、一律に休みを取れ、というような社会主義的発想はいくら世界の流行だとはいえ、自由を手にしている人間に対しては個人への干渉であり、非礼である。

    At the same time, no matter how fashionable worldwide the socialist-style idea that everyone should uniformly take time off may be, imposing it on people who possess freedom constitutes interference in the individual and is discourteous.

Other levels41 patterns
  • ということはN2

    Draws a logical conclusion or restatement from a preceding fact — "which means…, in other words…, that is to say…".

    日本人に個性がないということはよく言われていることだけれど、今世界的に、1週間、或いは年間にどれだけ働くか、ということについて、常識的な申し合わせが行われていることには、私はいつも違和感を覚えている。

    It is often said that Japanese people lack individuality, but I have always felt uneasy about the worldwide, commonsense consensus concerning how much people should work in a week or over the course of a year.

  • に限るN2

    Expresses that X is the best choice or the thing to do, "nothing beats X / the best is X".

    もし普段100歩しか歩けない障害者が、頑張ってその日に限り、山道を200歩歩いて力尽きたら、そここそがその人にとっての光栄ある山頂なのである。

    If a person with a disability who can normally walk only 100 steps pushes themselves to walk 200 steps along a mountain path that day before reaching their limit, that very spot is their glorious summit.

  • のみN2

    formal/written equivalent of だけ, limiting to one thing — 'only ~', 'nothing but ~'

    労働時間を一律に決めなければならない、とするのは専門職ではない、未熟練労働に対する基準としてのみ有効である。

    The idea that working hours must be set uniformly is valid only as a standard for nonprofessional, unskilled labor.

  • 確かにN2

    concedes a point as true before countering it, or asserts certainty, 'admittedly / certainly (~ but)'.

    日本の社会の中には、職場の同僚がお互いに牽制するので、取ってもいいはずの休みも取れない人が確かにかなりいる。

    In Japanese society, there are indeed quite a few people who cannot take even the leave they are entitled to because coworkers keep one another in check.

  • ねばならないN2

    Formal, somewhat literary way of stating an obligation, "must / have to (do)".

    趣味になりかけているものが、たまたま会社の仕事だから、時間が来たら帰らねばならない

    Something that is becoming a hobby for them just happens to be their company work, yet when quitting time comes, they are expected to go home.

  • というものだN2

    Emphatically asserts the true nature of something or states an emphatic conclusion — "that's just how it is, that's what … really is".

    それはプロの楽しみを妨げることであって、一種の個人の自由の束縛というものである。

    That interferes with the enjoyment of a professional and amounts to a kind of restriction on individual freedom.

  • 的(てき)N32 times in this passage

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    日本人に個性がないということはよく言われていることだけれど、今世界的に、1週間、或いは年間にどれだけ働くか、ということについて、常識的な申し合わせが行われていることには、私はいつも違和感を覚えている。

    It is often said that Japanese people lack individuality, but I have always felt uneasy about the worldwide, commonsense consensus concerning how much people should work in a week or over the course of a year.

  • についてN3

    Marks the topic an action or statement is directed at; 'about', 'concerning', 'regarding'.

    日本人に個性がないということはよく言われていることだけれど、今世界的に、1週間、或いは年間にどれだけ働くか、ということについて、常識的な申し合わせが行われていることには、私はいつも違和感を覚えている。

    It is often said that Japanese people lack individuality, but I have always felt uneasy about the worldwide, commonsense consensus concerning how much people should work in a week or over the course of a year.

  • にとってN32 times in this passage

    Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

    障害者にとっての山頂は、決して現実の山の頂きではない。

    For a person with a disability, the summit is by no means necessarily the actual top of the mountain.

  • 決して~ないN3

    Adverb pairing with a following negative to stress absolute denial, 'never / by no means / not at all'.

    障害者にとっての山頂は、決して現実の山の頂きではない。

    For a person with a disability, the summit is by no means necessarily the actual top of the mountain.

  • こそN3

    Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'

    もし普段100歩しか歩けない障害者が、頑張ってその日に限り、山道を200歩歩いて力尽きたら、そここそがその人にとっての光栄ある山頂なのである。

    If a person with a disability who can normally walk only 100 steps pushes themselves to walk 200 steps along a mountain path that day before reaching their limit, that very spot is their glorious summit.

  • に対してN32 times in this passage

    Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.

    労働時間を一律に決めなければならない、とするのは専門職ではない、未熟練労働に対する基準としてのみ有効である。

    The idea that working hours must be set uniformly is valid only as a standard for nonprofessional, unskilled labor.

  • としてN3

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    労働時間を一律に決めなければならない、とするのは専門職ではない、未熟練労働に対する基準としてのみ有効である。

    The idea that working hours must be set uniformly is valid only as a standard for nonprofessional, unskilled labor.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    未熟練労働者の場合は、時間あたりの労働賃金をできるだけ高くし、それによって労働時間を短縮しようとして当然である。

    For unskilled workers, it is only natural to seek the highest possible hourly wage and thereby reduce their working hours.

  • ようとするN3

    Describes attempting to do something or being on the verge of doing it — 'try to…', 'be about to…'.

    未熟練労働者の場合は、時間あたりの労働賃金をできるだけ高くし、それによって労働時間を短縮しようとして当然である。

    For unskilled workers, it is only natural to seek the highest possible hourly wage and thereby reduce their working hours.

  • ためにN3

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    私は小説家だが、小説家の仕事も専門職に属するから、ひとつの作品のためにどれだけ時間をかけようと勝手である。

    I am a novelist, and since novel writing is also a profession, I am free to spend however much time I want on a single work.

  • 〜ずつN3

    Attaches to a quantity to mark equal distribution or repetition, "each / apiece / at a time".

    ひとつの作品に私がどれだけの時間や労力や調査費をかけようが、昼夜何時間ずつ働こうが、それは私かプロである以上、自由である。

    How much time, effort, or research expense I devote to a work, and how many hours I work by day or by night, are entirely up to me as long as I am a professional.

  • というN32 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    しかし日本人のなかには、仕事が趣味という人も実に多い。

    Yet there are also a great many Japanese people for whom work itself is a hobby.

  • ということN43 times in this passage

    Nominalizes a whole statement into a noun — 'the fact that', 'it means that'.

    日本人に個性がないということはよく言われていることだけれど、今世界的に、1週間、或いは年間にどれだけ働くか、ということについて、常識的な申し合わせが行われていることには、私はいつも違和感を覚えている。

    It is often said that Japanese people lack individuality, but I have always felt uneasy about the worldwide, commonsense consensus concerning how much people should work in a week or over the course of a year.

  • などN43 times in this passage

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    私は毎年、身体障害者の方たちとイスラエルやイタリアなどに旅をしているが、一昨年はシナイ山に登った。

    Every year I travel with people with physical disabilities to places such as Israel and Italy, and the year before last we climbed Mount Sinai.

  • 〜てもらうN4

    Benefactive construction: receive the favor of someone doing an action for you — 'have/get someone to ...'.

    普段、数十歩しか歩けない車椅子の人にも、頂上への道を少しでも歩いてもらった

    Even people in wheelchairs who normally can walk only a few dozen steps were encouraged to walk at least a little of the way toward the summit.

  • たらN43 times in this passage

    Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').

    もし普段100歩しか歩けない障害者が、頑張ってその日に限り、山道を200歩歩いて力尽きたら、そここそがその人にとっての光栄ある山頂なのである。

    If a person with a disability who can normally walk only 100 steps pushes themselves to walk 200 steps along a mountain path that day before reaching their limit, that very spot is their glorious summit.

  • と思う(とおもう)N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    人間が週に何時間働くべきか、ということにも、ひとりひとりの適切な時間があると思う

    I think the same applies to how many hours a person should work each week: there is an appropriate amount of time for each individual.

  • なければならないN4

    Expresses a general, unavoidable obligation or necessity — 'must / have to'.

    労働時間を一律に決めなければならない、とするのは専門職ではない、未熟練労働に対する基準としてのみ有効である。

    The idea that working hours must be set uniformly is valid only as a standard for nonprofessional, unskilled labor.

  • 場合は(ばあいは)N4

    States the situation or condition under which something applies — 'in the case of; in the event that; if'.

    未熟練労働者の場合は、時間あたりの労働賃金をできるだけ高くし、それによって労働時間を短縮しようとして当然である。

    For unskilled workers, it is only natural to seek the highest possible hourly wage and thereby reduce their working hours.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    短編をほんの2、3時間で書いてしまうこともあるし、10年、20年と資料を集め調べ続けてやっと完成するものもある。

    Sometimes I finish a short story in just two or three hours, while other works are completed only after ten or twenty years of continuously gathering and researching material.

  • 続ける(つづける)N4

    Attaches to a verb stem to mean keep doing / continue doing the action ('keep ~ing').

    短編をほんの2、3時間で書いてしまうこともあるし、10年、20年と資料を集め調べ続けてやっと完成するものもある。

    Sometimes I finish a short story in just two or three hours, while other works are completed only after ten or twenty years of continuously gathering and researching material.

  • やっとN4

    Adverb marking that something long-awaited or hard-won has finally happened, "finally / at last".

    短編をほんの2、3時間で書いてしまうこともあるし、10年、20年と資料を集め調べ続けてやっと完成するものもある。

    Sometimes I finish a short story in just two or three hours, while other works are completed only after ten or twenty years of continuously gathering and researching material.

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    日本の社会の中には、職場の同僚がお互いに牽制するので、取ってもいいはずの休みも取れない人が確かにかなりいる。

    In Japanese society, there are indeed quite a few people who cannot take even the leave they are entitled to because coworkers keep one another in check.

  • ことになるN4

    Expresses that something has been decided or comes about, often through external circumstances rather than the speaker's own will; 'it has been decided that / it turns out that.'

    その結果「過労死」などということも稀には起きることになる

    As a result, rare cases of what is called “death from overwork” do occur.

  • ようだN4

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    しかし同時に、一律に休みを取れ、というような社会主義的発想はいくら世界の流行だとはいえ、自由を手にしている人間に対しては個人への干渉であり、非礼である。

    At the same time, no matter how fashionable worldwide the socialist-style idea that everyone should uniformly take time off may be, imposing it on people who possess freedom constitutes interference in the individual and is discourteous.

  • 〜ているN59 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    日本人に個性がないということはよく言われていることだけれど、今世界的に、1週間、或いは年間にどれだけ働くか、ということについて、常識的な申し合わせが行われていることには、私はいつも違和感を覚えている。

    It is often said that Japanese people lack individuality, but I have always felt uneasy about the worldwide, commonsense consensus concerning how much people should work in a week or over the course of a year.

  • けれどもN5

    More formal contrastive conjunction linking two clauses — "but / however / although."

    日本人に個性がないということはよく言われていることだけれど、今世界的に、1週間、或いは年間にどれだけ働くか、ということについて、常識的な申し合わせが行われていることには、私はいつも違和感を覚えている。

    It is often said that Japanese people lack individuality, but I have always felt uneasy about the worldwide, commonsense consensus concerning how much people should work in a week or over the course of a year.

  • だけN53 times in this passage

    Limiting particle marking 'only / just' — restricts to the stated amount, degree, or item.

    日本人に個性がないということはよく言われていることだけれど、今世界的に、1週間、或いは年間にどれだけ働くか、ということについて、常識的な申し合わせが行われていることには、私はいつも違和感を覚えている。

    It is often said that Japanese people lack individuality, but I have always felt uneasy about the worldwide, commonsense consensus concerning how much people should work in a week or over the course of a year.

  • いつもN5

    Adverb expressing habitual, unchanging frequency, "always / usually".

    日本人に個性がないということはよく言われていることだけれど、今世界的に、1週間、或いは年間にどれだけ働くか、ということについて、常識的な申し合わせが行われていることには、私はいつも違和感を覚えている。

    It is often said that Japanese people lack individuality, but I have always felt uneasy about the worldwide, commonsense consensus concerning how much people should work in a week or over the course of a year.

  • じゃない・ではないN52 times in this passage

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    障害者にとっての山頂は、決して現実の山の頂きではない

    For a person with a disability, the summit is by no means necessarily the actual top of the mountain.

  • がありますN5

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    人間が週に何時間働くべきか、ということにも、ひとりひとりの適切な時間があると思う。

    I think the same applies to how many hours a person should work each week: there is an appropriate amount of time for each individual.

  • しかしN53 times in this passage

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし、専門職と呼ばれる仕事に従事する人は、労働報酬の時間あたりの金額など、ほとんど問題外だ。

    For people engaged in what are called professional occupations, however, the amount of compensation per hour is almost beside the point.

  • のでN5

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    日本の社会の中には、職場の同僚がお互いに牽制するので、取ってもいいはずの休みも取れない人が確かにかなりいる。

    In Japanese society, there are indeed quite a few people who cannot take even the leave they are entitled to because coworkers keep one another in check.

  • 〜たいN52 times in this passage

    Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

    小さな会社の社長に頼みこまれると、したくもない残業をしなければならなくなる社員もいる。

    There are also employees who, when pleaded with by the president of a small company, end up having to work overtime even though they do not want to.

  • にするN5

    To decide on or turn something into a given state or choice, 'to make it ~ / to go with ~.'

    しかし同時に、一律に休みを取れ、というような社会主義的発想はいくら世界の流行だとはいえ、自由を手にしている人間に対しては個人への干渉であり、非礼である。

    At the same time, no matter how fashionable worldwide the socialist-style idea that everyone should uniformly take time off may be, imposing it on people who possess freedom constitutes interference in the individual and is discourteous.

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