• わたし
  • ·I; me
  N5
• 人ひと
  • ·person; someone; somebody
  • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
  • ·human (Homo sapiens)
  • ·(other) people; others
  • ·character; personality; nature
  • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
  • ·adult; grown-up
  • ·I; me; one
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• しかし
  • ·however; but
  N5
• その
  • ·that; the
  • ·part (as in "part two")
  • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
  N5
• するAs it appears here: しない
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 私わたし
  • ·I; me
  N5
• 公園こうえん
  • ·(public) park
  N5
• なか
  • ·inside; interior
  • ·among; within
  • ·middle; center; centre
  • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
  • ·interval; gap
  • ·mean; average
  • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
  • ·medium grade; medium quality
  • ·red-light district
  N5
• ある
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• 歩くあるくAs it appears here: 歩いて
  • ·to walk
  N5
• おおい
  • ·many; numerous; a lot
  • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
  • ·frequent; common
  N5
• いうAs it appears here: いわれる
  • ·to say; to utter; to declare
  • ·to name; to call
  • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
  N5
• 歩くあるくAs it appears here: 歩き
  • ·to walk
  N5
• 道みち
  • ·road; path; street; lane; passage
  • ·route; way
  • ·distance; journey
  • ·road (e.g. to victory); course
  • ·way (of living, proper conduct, etc.); moral principles
  • ·teachings (esp. Confucian or Buddhist); dogma
  • ·field (e.g. of medicine); subject; speciality
  • ·means; way; method
  N5
• 緑みどり
  • ·green
  • ·greenery; verdure
  N5
• 歩くあるく
  • ·to walk
  N5
• おもしろい
  • ·interesting; fascinating; intriguing; enthralling
  • ·amusing; funny; comical
  • ·enjoyable; fun; entertaining; pleasant; agreeable
  • ·good; satisfactory; favourable; desirable; encouraging
  N5
• いつ
  • ·when; at what time; how soon
  • ·normal times; ordinary days
  N5
• 出かけるでかけるAs it appears here: 出かけて
  • ·to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to start; to set out
  • ·to be about to leave; to be just going out
  N5
• おなじ
  • ·same; identical; equal; alike; equivalent
  • ·anyway; in any case; if one must ...; if one has to ...; as long as ...
  N5
• あまり
  • ·remainder; remnant; rest; balance; surplus; remains (of a meal); leftovers
  • ·(not) very; (not) much
  • ·too much; excessively; overly
  • ·extreme; great; severe; tremendous; terrible
  • ·not very good; so-so; mediocre
  • ·more than; over
  N5
• つくるAs it appears here: つくられる
  • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
  • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
  • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
  • ·to till
  • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
  • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
  • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
  • ·to have (a child)
  • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
  • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
  • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
  • ·to form (a line, etc.)
  • ·to set (a record)
  • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
  N5
• そこ
  • ·there (place relatively near listener)
  • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
  • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
  • ·you
  N5
• 行くいくAs it appears here: 行った
  • ·to go; to move (towards); to head (towards); to leave (for)
  • ·to move through; to travel across; to walk along (e.g. a road)
  • ·to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to turn out; to get along
  • ·to do (in a particular way); to go (with; a choice); to try
  • ·to pass (of time, seasons, etc.); to go by
  • ·to stream; to flow
  • ·to die; to pass away
  • ·to reach (a stage, extent, age, etc.); to get to; to go (so far as ...)
  • ·to reach (of information, instructions, wind, etc.); to arrive
  • ·to continue ...; to go on ...; to (progress) steadily; to gradually ...; to progressively ...
  • ·to have an orgasm; to come; to cum
  • ·to trip; to get high; to have a drug-induced hallucination
  N5
• 自分じぶん
  • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
  • ·I; me
  • ·you
  N5
• 絵え
  • ·picture; drawing; painting; sketch
  • ·image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
  N5
• するAs it appears here: した
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• ときどき
  • ·sometimes; occasionally; at times; from time to time; now and then; once in a while; at intervals
  • ·seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
  N5
• 見せるみせるAs it appears here: 見せたり
  • ·to show; to display
  • ·to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...
  • ·to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining
  • ·to have (something) looked at (by a specialist); to have (an antique, etc.) appraised
  • ·to have (an injury, person, etc.) looked at (by a doctor); to take (someone) to a doctor
  • ·to make a show of (doing); to do in a conspicuous manner; to do in view of others
  • ·to resolve to do; to do at any cost; to show others that one will ...
  N5
• するAs it appears here: し
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• いう
  • ·to say; to utter; to declare
  • ·to name; to call
  • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
  N5
• いる
  • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
  • ·to stay
  • ·to be ...-ing
  • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
  N5
• 出かけるでかけるAs it appears here: 出かけたら
  • ·to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to start; to set out
  • ·to be about to leave; to be just going out
  N5
• 大切たいせつ
  • ·important; significant; serious; crucial
  • ·precious; valuable; dear; cherished; beloved
  • ·careful
  N5
• 見るみるAs it appears here: 見て
  • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
  • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
  • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
  • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
  • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
  • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
  N5
• 食べるたべる
  • ·to eat
  • ·to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
  N5
• 仕事しごと
  • ·work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment
  • ·work
  N5
• あるAs it appears here: あった
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• 物もの
  • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
  • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  • ·quality
  • ·reason; the way of things
  • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
  • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
  • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  • ·really; truly
  N5
• 所ところ
  • ·place; spot; scene; site
  • ·address
  • ·district; area; locality
  • ·one's house
  • ·point; aspect; side; facet
  • ·passage (in text); part
  • ·space; room
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·whereupon; as a result
  • ·about to; on the verge of
  • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
  • ·approximately; around; about
  N5
• たくさん
  • ·a lot; lots; plenty; many; a large number; much; a great deal; a good deal
  • ·enough; sufficient
  • ·enough; too many; too much
  N5
• いるAs it appears here: いて
  • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
  • ·to stay
  • ·to be ...-ing
  • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
  N5
• 入れるいれる
  • ·to put in; to let in; to take in; to bring in; to insert; to install (e.g. software); to set (a jewel, etc.); to ink in (e.g. tattoo)
  • ·to admit; to accept; to employ; to hire
  • ·to accept; to comply; to grant; to adopt (a policy, etc.); to take (advice, etc.); to listen to; to pay attention to
  • ·to include
  • ·to pay (one's rent, etc.)
  • ·to cast (a vote)
  • ·to make (tea, coffee, etc.)
  • ·to turn on (a switch, etc.)
  • ·to send (a fax); to call
  N5
• つづくAs it appears here: つづき
  • ·to continue; to last; to go on
  • ·to continue (without a break); to be unbroken
  • ·to occur again and again
  • ·to lead to; to connect to; to adjoin
  • ·to come after; to follow; to succeed; to rank next to
  • ·to hold out; to keep; to last
  N4
• 通るとおるAs it appears here: 通って
  • ·to go by; to go past; to go along; to travel along; to pass through; to use (a road); to take (a route); to go via; to go by way of
  • ·to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to connect
  • ·to go indoors; to go into a room; to be admitted; to be shown in; to be ushered in; to come in
  • ·to penetrate; to pierce; to skewer; to go through; to come through
  • ·to permeate; to soak into; to spread throughout
  • ·to carry (e.g. of a voice); to reach far
  • ·to be passed on (e.g. of a customer's order to the kitchen); to be relayed; to be conveyed
  • ·to pass (a test, a bill in the House, etc.); to be approved; to be accepted
  • ·to go by (a name); to be known as; to be accepted as; to have a reputation for
  • ·to be coherent; to be logical; to be reasonable; to be comprehensible; to be understandable; to make sense
  • ·to get across (e.g. of one's point); to be understood
  • ·to pass for; to come across as; to seem like
  • ·to be straight (e.g. wood grain)
  • ·to be well-informed; to be wise
  • ·to do ... completely; to do ... thoroughly
  N4
• なれるAs it appears here: なれた
  • ·to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become familiar with
  • ·to become skilled in; to become experienced at
  • ·to become tame; to become domesticated
  • ·to get used to doing
  N4
• 景色けしき
  • ·scenery; scene; landscape
  N4
• 季節きせつ
  • ·season; time of year
  N4
• 変わるかわるAs it appears here: 変わって
  • ·to change; to be transformed; to be altered; to vary
  • ·to move to
  • ·to be different; to be uncommon; to be unusual
  N4
• 伝えるつたえる
  • ·to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart; to propagate; to teach; to bequeath
  N4
• ため
  • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
  • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
  • ·consequence; result; effect
  • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
  N4
• 集めるあつめる
  • ·to collect; to assemble; to gather
  N4
• 研究けんきゅう
  • ·research; study; investigation
  N4
• 場所ばしょ
  • ·place; location; spot; position; area
  • ·room; space
  • ·sumo tournament
  N4
• 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きた
  • ·to live; to exist
  • ·to make a living; to subsist
  • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
  • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
  • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
  N4
• 生活せいかつ
  • ·life; living
  • ·livelihood; (one's) living
  N4
• 残るのこるAs it appears here: 残って
  • ·to remain; to be left
  N4
• すばらしい
  • ·wonderful; splendid; magnificent; amazing; superb
  • ·exceeding; incredible; remarkable; striking; immense
  N3
• 風景ふうけい
  • ·scenery; scene; landscape; view; sight
  • ·scene (e.g. of a crime)
  N3
• とき
  • ·time; hour; moment
  • ·occasion; case
  • ·chance; opportunity; season
  • ·the times; the age; the day
  • ·tense
  N3
• なみ
  • ·wave; billow; ripple; breaker; swell
  • ·ups and downs
  • ·(something) advancing step by step; (something) surging forward inopposably; succession of changes
  • ·tendency; (new) wave
  N3
• 感動かんどう
  • ·being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression
  N3
• 退屈たいくつ
  • ·tedious; boring; dull; uninteresting; tiresome; monotonous
  • ·to feel bored; to get bored (with); to get tired (of)
  N3
• 巨大きょだい
  • ·huge; gigantic; enormous
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 環境かんきょう
  • ·environment; surroundings; circumstances
  N3
• ところが
  • ·even so; however; still; whereupon; even though; nevertheless; on the contrary; as a matter of fact; despite
  N3
• 自然しぜん
  • ·nature
  • ·natural; spontaneous; automatic
  • ·naturally; spontaneously; automatically
  N3
• ほう
  • ·direction; way; side; area (in a particular direction)
  • ·side (of an argument, etc.); one's part
  • ·type; category
  • ·field (of study, etc.)
  • ·indicates one side of a comparison
  • ·way; method; manner; means
  • ·length (of each side of a square)
  N3
• 変化へんか
  • ·change; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; transformation
  • ·variety; diversity
  • ·inflection; declension; conjugation
  • ·henka; (expl.) evasive sidestep at the beginning of a bout
  N3
• そこで
  • ·so; accordingly; now; then; thereupon; therefore
  N3
• 手段しゅだん
  • ·means; way; measure
  N3
• ながめるAs it appears here: ながめたり
  • ·to look at; to gaze at; to watch; to stare at
  • ·to look out over; to get a view of; to admire (e.g. the scenery)
  • ·to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch; to observe
  N3
• 旅たび
  • ·travel; trip; journey
  N3
• 型がた
  • ·type; style; model; pattern
  • ·mold; mould; model; pattern; template; impression
  • ·kata (set sequence of positions and movements in martial arts); style (in kabuki, noh, etc.); form
  • ·convention; tradition; (standard) form; formula; usage
  • ·(set) size; inches (in sizes of displays, disks, image sensors, etc.)
  • ·(taxonomical) form
  N3
• 人間にんげん
  • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
  • ·character (of a person)
  N3
• 典型てんけい
  • ·type; pattern; model; epitome; exemplar; archetype; perfect example
  N3
• 土地とち
  • ·plot of land; lot; soil
  • ·locality; region; place
  N3
• 食物しょくもつ
  • ·food; foodstuff
  N3
• はなれるAs it appears here: はなれて
  • ·to be separated; to be apart; to be distant
  • ·to leave; to go away
  • ·to leave (a job, etc.); to quit; to give up
  • ·to lose connection with; to drift away from
  N3
• お
  • ·honorific/polite/humble prefix
  N3
• 注ちゅう
  • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
  N3
• 出来事できごと
  • ·occurrence; happening; incident; event
  N3
• よう
  • ·appearing ...; looking ...
  • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
  • ·form; style; design
  • ·like; similar to
  • ·thing (thought or spoken)
  N3
• 相手あいて
  • ·companion; partner; company
  • ·other party; addressee; counterparty
  • ·opponent (sports, etc.)
  N3
• 行動こうどう
  • ·action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
  N3
• 出合うであうAs it appears here: 出合った
  • ·to meet (by chance); to come across; to run across; to encounter; to happen upon
  • ·to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.)
  • ·to emerge and engage (an enemy)
  N1
• すぐ
  • ·immediately; at once; right away; directly
  • ·soon; before long; shortly
  • ·easily; readily; without difficulty
  • ·right (near); nearby; just (handy)
  • ·honest; upright; frank; straightforward
  N1
• 楽しむたのしむ
  • ·to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to have fun; to amuse oneself
  • ·to look forward to
  N1
• 静的せいてき
  • ·static
  N1
• 背景はいけい
  • ·background; scenery; backdrop; setting
  • ·background (of an incident, situation, etc.); circumstances; context
  • ·backing; support (from behind the scenes)
  N1
• ごと
  • ·each; every
  N1
• 主人公しゅじんこう
  • ·protagonist; main character; hero; heroine
  • ·head (of a household); proprietor (of a store)
  N1
• 発生はっせい
  • ·occurrence; incidence; outbreak; birth (e.g. of civilization)
  • ·generation (of power, heat, etc.); production
  • ·ontogeny; development; growth; breeding
  N1

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• だの～だのN1

  Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

  市場は『生活のショーウインドー』なのである。

  A market is a “show window of everyday life.”

• というN3

  Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

  『すばらしい環境のなかを通っての出勤で、うらやましいですな』といわれる。

  People say to me, “It must be wonderful to commute through such a beautiful environment every day. I envy you.”

• ところがN3

  Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".

  ところが、わたしにとって、歩きなれた道は退屈である。

  Yet to me, a road I have become accustomed to walking is boring.

• にとってN3

  Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

  ところが、わたしにとって、歩きなれた道は退屈である。

  Yet to me, a road I have become accustomed to walking is boring.

• ごとにN3

  Marks that something happens at each unit or repeated interval — 'every ~, at intervals of ~'.

  背景の自然は季節ごとに変わっても、滝とか、お寺など、風景の主人公はあまり変化しない。

  Although the natural background changes with the seasons, the main subjects of the scenery, such as waterfalls and temples, hardly change.

• あまり〜ないN3

  The degree adverb あまり, typically with a following negative, expresses a limited degree, "not very / not much."

  背景の自然は季節ごとに変わっても、滝とか、お寺など、風景の主人公はあまり変化しない。

  Although the natural background changes with the seasons, the main subjects of the scenery, such as waterfalls and temples, hardly change.

• としてN33 times in this passage

  Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

  そこへ行ったことのない人へ、自分の感動を伝える手段として、風景や美術品の絵のはがきは発生した。

  Picture postcards of scenery and works of art originated as a means of conveying one’s impressions to people who had never visited the place.

• ためにN3

  marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

  しかし、投函するためではなく、②個人的コレクションとして、絵はがきを集める人が、案外おおいのである。

  Surprisingly, however, many people collect postcards as ② a personal collection rather than for mailing.

• ことはないN3

  Tells someone there is no need to do something — 'there's no need to / you don't have to.'

  売り手と買い手の駆け引きなど、人びとのふるまいを見ていたら、退屈することはない。

  If you watch how people behave, such as the bargaining between sellers and buyers, there is never a dull moment.

• ときN4

  Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

  旅先で、すばらしい風景や名所旧跡に出合ったとき、わたしも人なみには感激する。

  When I encounter magnificent scenery or famous and historic sites while traveling, I too am moved just like anyone else.

• 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

  Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

  すぐに退屈してしまう。

  I soon become bored.

• よりN4

  Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

  緑の自然を楽しむより、街なかの雑踏を歩くほうがおもしろい。

  Rather than enjoying green nature, I find it more interesting to walk through the bustle of the city.

• てもN44 times in this passage

  Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

  いつ出かけても、おなじ景色にめぐりあえる。

  Whenever you visit, you can encounter the same scenery.

• とか～とかN4

  Lists a few representative, non-exhaustive examples — 'things like X and Y', 'X, Y, and so on'.

  背景の自然は季節ごとに変わっても、滝とか、お寺など、風景の主人公はあまり変化しない。

  Although the natural background changes with the seasons, the main subjects of the scenery, such as waterfalls and temples, hardly change.

• などN42 times in this passage

  Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

  背景の自然は季節ごとに変わっても、滝とか、お寺など、風景の主人公はあまり変化しない。

  Although the natural background changes with the seasons, the main subjects of the scenery, such as waterfalls and temples, hardly change.

• たらN42 times in this passage

  Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').

  見知らぬ土地へ出かけたら、観光名所は省略しても、市場へは足をはこぶ。

  When I visit an unfamiliar place, I may skip the tourist attractions, but I always go to the market.

• しかしN52 times in this passage

  Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

  しかし、①その感動はながつづきしない。

  However, ① that feeling does not last long.

• だ / ですN5

  The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

  『すばらしい環境のなかを通っての出勤で、うらやましいですな』といわれる。

  People say to me, “It must be wonderful to commute through such a beautiful environment every day. I envy you.”

• じゃない・ではないN5

  Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

  しかし、投函するためではなく、②個人的コレクションとして、絵はがきを集める人が、案外おおいのである。

  Surprisingly, however, many people collect postcards as ② a personal collection rather than for mailing.

• のでN52 times in this passage

  Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

  しかし、投函するためではなく、②個人的コレクションとして、絵はがきを集める人が、案外おおいのである。

  Surprisingly, however, many people collect postcards as ② a personal collection rather than for mailing.

• 〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage

  Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

  ときどき、ながめたり、人に見せたりして、旅の追体験をし、イメージを固定化するのだ。

  From time to time they look at them or show them to others, reliving the journey and fixing its image in their minds.

• 〜ているN54 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  食文化の研究をしているので、市場は情報源として大切な場所である。

  Because I study food culture, markets are important sources of information.

• がありますN5

  States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

  （注1）旧跡：歴史上の出来事があった場所や、歴史上の物が残っている所

  (Note 1) Historic site: a place where a historical event occurred or where something of historical significance remains