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N2 · Upper intermediateMedium passagePassage #597
2

すうねんまえいえ50ねんちいいえだったが、いざなると、使つかいないどうごろごろきてあらためてものおおさにびっくりしたどうしろほんしろずいぶんりょうしょゆうしていてこれ使つか(注1)つくす(注2)にはりょうかんあとなんねんだろうとじんせいぎゃくさんしてみて、①このぶつりょうムダなぁトラックじょしゅせきかんが

わたしけんひとものしょゆうよくつよとはおもいないむしろものもたないほうおもいるが、それでもものおおのである

むかし、「あずものそう」とひといるひとぽつんとぷつんといくいえどうしても、いくらぶんしょゆうだとりきみても、しまえばもっていけないいずれなかかえいかなければならないこのわずかじんせいかんなかで、②それたのしかないのだ。くうみずおなに、いえどうも、あらゆるしょぶつなかからあずいるだけいるのだ、というかんがだった。

たしかにわたしものへのしょゆうよくつよくるまもついえもつこうきゅうひんもつけいたいでんもつコンピューターもつしょゆうすること満足感まんぞくかんいるしかししょゆうよくふくらませるには、どこかでげんかいあるだろう。「あずものそう」は、そういうぶつよくかられる(注3)わたしれいすいかけるそうだった。

がいかつどうけんきゅうかいにちじょうぶつかんさつーーようぶつからてんようぶつまでによる

ちゅう1)使つかここでは、すべて使つか

ちゅう2)つくすすべて

ちゅう3)ぶつよくかられるぶつよくおさなる

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1この物量はムダだなぁとあるが、筆者はなぜそう考えたのか。
  2. 2それとは何を指すか。
  3. 3「預かりものの思想」では、ものをどのように考えているか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary4 words
  • あらためて
    • ·another time; again; over again; once again; anew
    • ·formally; especially; intentionally; deliberately
    N2
  • 預かるあずかるAs it appears here: 預かり
    • ·to look after; to take care of; to keep; to hold on to; to keep in custody
    • ·to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to be entrusted with
    • ·to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment); to leave undecided
    • ·to take upon oneself (to do); to settle (a matter) oneself
    N2
  • 預かるあずかるAs it appears here: 預かって
    • ·to look after; to take care of; to keep; to hold on to; to keep in custody
    • ·to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to be entrusted with
    • ·to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment); to leave undecided
    • ·to take upon oneself (to do); to settle (a matter) oneself
    N2
  • 高級こうきゅう
    • ·high-class; high-grade; high-quality; high-end; luxury
    • ·high-ranking; high-level; senior
    N2
Other levels74 words
  • まえ
    • ·in front (of); before (e.g. a building)
    • ·before; earlier; previously; prior; ago; (minutes) to (the hour)
    • ·(the) front; frontal part; fore; head (e.g. of a line)
    • ·forward; ahead
    • ·(in the) presence (of); in front (of someone)
    • ·previous (e.g. page); prior (e.g. engagement); first (e.g. half); former (e.g. example)
    • ·portion; helping
    • ·front (of one's body or clothing); breast (of a coat, kimono, etc.)
    • ·privates; private parts
    • ·criminal record; previous conviction; (a) prior
    N5
  • いえ
    • ·house; residence; dwelling; home
    • ·family; household
    • ·lineage; family name
    N5
  • 小さなちいさな
    • ·small; little; tiny
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使って
    • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
    • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
    • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
    • ·to use (language); to speak
    N5
  • 出るでるAs it appears here: 出て
    • ·to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out
    • ·to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
    • ·to move forward
    • ·to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach
    • ·to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display
    • ·to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out
    • ·to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform
    • ·to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised
    • ·to sell
    • ·to exceed; to go over
    • ·to stick out; to protrude
    • ·to break out; to occur; to start; to originate
    • ·to be produced
    • ·to come from; to be derived from
    • ·to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid
    • ·to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get
    • ·to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave
    • ·to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain
    • ·to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed
    • ·to graduate
    • ·to ejaculate; to cum
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • 多いおおいAs it appears here:
    • ·many; numerous; a lot
    • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
    • ·frequent; common
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しろ
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 読むよむAs it appears here: 読み
    • ·to read
    • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
    • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
    • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
    • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
    • ·to count; to estimate
    • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
    N5
  • あと
    • ·behind; rear
    • ·after; later
    • ·remainder; the rest
    • ·more (e.g. five more minutes); left
    • ·also; in addition
    • ·descendant; successor; heir
    • ·after one's death
    • ·past; previous
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 強いつよい
    • ·strong; potent; competent; domineering; tough
    • ·strong; brawny; powerful; healthy; rugged
    • ·good (at); skilled; knowledgeable
    • ·being able to handle; know how to deal (with); durable (against); resistant (to); resilient
    • ·firm; rigid; solid
    • ·intense; strong; fierce; high
    • ·dependable; trustworthy
    N5
  • もつAs it appears here: もたない
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 言ういうAs it appears here: 言った
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • いる
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • 生まれるうまれるAs it appears here: 生まれて
    • ·to be born
    N5
  • 消えるきえるAs it appears here: 消えて
    • ·to disappear; to vanish; to go out of sight; to go away; to become lost
    • ·to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to turn off (e.g. of a TV screen)
    • ·to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope)
    • ·to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness); to disappear; to fade away (e.g. of footsteps)
    • ·to wear away (e.g. of an inscription); to rub out (of writing); to fade (e.g. of ink)
    • ·to be lost (e.g. of a tradition); to die out; to disappear
    N5
  • いくら
    • ·how much
    • ·something over; and something; -odd
    • ·however (much); no matter how
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • 死ぬしぬAs it appears here: 死んで
    • ·to die; to pass away
    • ·to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to look dead
    • ·to cease; to stop
    N5
  • もつAs it appears here: もって
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 返すかえすAs it appears here: 返して
    • ·to return (something); to restore; to put back
    • ·to turn over; to turn upside down; to overturn
    • ·to pay back; to retaliate; to reciprocate
    • ·to respond (with); to retort; to reply; to say back
    • ·to do ... back (e.g. speak back, throw back)
    • ·to do again; to do repeatedly
    N5
  • 時間じかん
    • ·time
    • ·hour
    • ·period; class; lesson
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • みず
    • ·water (esp. cool or cold)
    • ·fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid
    • ·flood; floodwaters
    • ·water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
    • ·break granted to wrestlers engaged in a prolonged bout
    N5
  • 借りるかりるAs it appears here: 借りて
    • ·to borrow
    • ·to rent; to hire
    • ·to make use of (another's help, wisdom, etc.); to obtain; to receive
    • ·to use (for another purpose); to put to a different use
    N5
  • くるま
    • ·car; automobile; vehicle
    • ·wheel; castor; caster
    N5
  • もつ
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • どこ
    • ·where; what place
    • ·how much (long, far); what extent
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • かける
    • ·to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)
    • ·to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover; to lay; to spread
    • ·to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.)
    • ·to make (a call)
    • ·to spend (time, money); to expend; to use
    • ·to pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto
    • ·to turn on (an engine, radio, etc.); to set (a dial, alarm clock, etc.); to put on (a DVD, song, etc.); to use (a device, implement, etc.)
    • ·to cause (someone inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose
    • ·to multiply (arithmetic operation)
    • ·to secure (e.g. lock)
    • ·to take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else)
    • ·to bind
    • ·to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
    • ·to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
    • ·to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
    • ·to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
    • ·to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
    • ·to increase further
    • ·to catch (in a trap, etc.)
    • ·to set atop
    • ·to erect (a makeshift building)
    • ·to apply (insurance)
    • ·to pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words
    • ·to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ...
    • ·to address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone)
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 使うつかう
    • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
    • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
    • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
    • ·to use (language); to speak
    N5
  • 読むよむ
    • ·to read
    • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
    • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
    • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
    • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
    • ·to count; to estimate
    • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
    N5
  • 引っ越すひっこすAs it appears here: 引っ越した
    • ·to move (house); to change residence
    N4
  • 道具どうぐ
    • ·tool; implement; instrument; utensil; apparatus; device
    • ·means
    • ·furniture
    N4
  • 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きられる
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えた
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思って
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • むかし
    • ·the old days; the past; former times; a long time ago
    • ·the past ten years; the past decade
    N4
  • 空気くうき
    • ·air; atmosphere
    • ·mood; situation
    • ·someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
    N4
  • 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きて
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • びっくり
    • ·to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be astonished; to get startled; to jump
    • ·surprise (e.g. surprise party)
    N3
  • ずいぶん
    • ·very; extremely; surprisingly; fairly; quite; considerably; awfully; terribly
    • ·terrible; horrid; contemptible; reprehensible
    • ·remarkable; extraordinary
    N3
  • 人生じんせい
    • ·(one's) life
    N3
  • ムダむだ
    • ·futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
    N3
  • 世間せけん
    • ·world; society; people; the public
    N3
  • ほう
    • ·direction; way; side; area (in a particular direction)
    • ·side (of an argument, etc.); one's part
    • ·type; category
    • ·field (of study, etc.)
    • ·indicates one side of a comparison
    • ·way; method; manner; means
    • ·length (of each side of a square)
    N3
  • それでも
    • ·but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
    N3
  • 思想しそう
    • ·thought; idea; ideology
    N3
  • 土地とち
    • ·plot of land; lot; soil
    • ·locality; region; place
    N3
  • いずれ
    • ·which; where; who
    • ·all; both
    • ·anyway; anyhow; at any rate; in any case
    • ·sooner or later; one of these days; someday; before long; in due course; eventually
    N3
  • 世の中よのなか
    • ·society; the world; the times
    N3
  • わずか
    • ·a little; a few; small; slight; trifling; meagre; meager; narrow (margin)
    • ·only; just; merely; no more than
    N3
    • ·time; pause
    • ·space
    • ·room
    N3
  • 考えかんがえ
    • ·thinking; thought; view; opinion; concept
    • ·idea; notion; imagination
    • ·intention; plan; design
    • ·consideration; judgement; deliberation; reflection
    • ·wish; hope; expectation
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 得るえるAs it appears here: 得て
    • ·to be able to ...; can ...
    • ·to get; to acquire; to obtain; to procure; to earn; to win; to gain; to secure; to attain
    N3
  • 限界げんかい
    • ·limit; bound
    N3
  • 日常にちじょう
    • ·everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
    N3
  • 観察かんさつ
    • ·observation; survey; watching
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • すべて
    • ·everything; all; the whole
    • ·entirely; completely; wholly; all
    N3
  • 楽しむたのしむ
    • ·to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to have fun; to amuse oneself
    • ·to look forward to
    N1
  • 無用むよう
    • ·useless; futile
    • ·unnecessary; needless
    • ·not on business; unrelated; unauthorised; unauthorized
    • ·prohibited; banned; forbidden
    N1
Grammar3 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • もののN24 times in this passage

    Concessive connective — 'although / even though ~, ...'; concedes the first clause then states something that runs counter to it.

    50年住み慣れた小さな家だったが、いざ引っ越しとなると、使っていない道具がごろごろ出てきて、あらためてものの多さにびっくりした。

    It was a small house I had been accustomed to living in for fifty years, but when the time actually came to move, unused belongings appeared one after another, making me realize with surprise all over again just how many things I owned.

  • にしろ〜にしろN22 times in this passage

    Lists alternatives to assert the main point holds in every case — 'whether … or …', 'no matter (which)'.

    道具にしろ、本にしろずいぶん多量に所有していて、これを使いこなし、読みつくすには多量の時間がかかる。

    Whether tools or books, I owned a great quantity of them, and it would take an enormous amount of time to make full use of all the tools and read all the books.

  • 確かにN2

    concedes a point as true before countering it, or asserts certainty, 'admittedly / certainly (~ but)'.

    たしかに、私たちはものへの所有欲が強い。

    It is certainly true that our desire to own things is strong.

Other levels24 patterns
  • となると/となればN1

    Introduces a supposed situation and its natural consequence — 'when it comes to X', 'if it turns out to be X, then (naturally)…'.

    50年住み慣れた小さな家だったが、いざ引っ越しとなると、使っていない道具がごろごろ出てきて、あらためてものの多さにびっくりした。

    It was a small house I had been accustomed to living in for fifty years, but when the time actually came to move, unused belongings appeared one after another, making me realize with surprise all over again just how many things I owned.

  • むしろN3

    Adverb overturning an expectation to present the following as the more fitting statement; "rather / if anything".

    むしろものをもたないほうと思っているが、それでもものが多過ぎるのである。

    If anything, I consider myself someone who owns relatively few things, and yet even I have too many.

  • というN32 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    昔、「預かりものの思想」と言った人がいる。

    Long ago, someone spoke of an idea called the “philosophy of things entrusted to us.”

  • にしてもN3

    Concedes a point regardless of the case at hand, 'even if / even though / even in the case of'.

    家や土地、道具にしても、いくら自分の所有だと力んでみても、死んでしまえばもっていけない。

    Whether houses, land, or belongings, no matter how insistently we claim that they are ours, we cannot take them with us when we die.

  • しかないN3

    There is no option but to do it — 'have no choice but to', 'can only'.

    このわずかな人生の時間の中で、②それを楽しむしかないのだ。

    During the brief span of our lives, all we can do is enjoy them.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (野外活動研究会『目からウロコの日常物観察ーー無用物から転用物まで』による

    (From the Outdoor Activities Research Group, “Eye-Opening Observations of Everyday Objects — From Useless Things to Repurposed Things”)

  • 〜てくるN4

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    50年住み慣れた小さな家だったが、いざ引っ越しとなると、使っていない道具がごろごろ出てきて、あらためてものの多さにびっくりした。

    It was a small house I had been accustomed to living in for fifty years, but when the time actually came to move, unused belongings appeared one after another, making me realize with surprise all over again just how many things I owned.

  • 〜てみるN4

    Verb te-form plus 見る, doing something on a trial basis to see what happens — 'try ...ing'.

    あと何年生きられるだろうと人生を逆算してみて、①この物量はムダだなぁと引っ越しのトラックの助手席で考えた。

    I worked backward from how many more years I might have left to live and, sitting in the passenger seat of the moving truck, thought, “This amount of stuff is really wasteful.”

  • よりN4

    Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

    私は世間の人よりはものの所有欲が強いとは思っていない。

    I do not think my desire to own things is stronger than that of most people.

  • と思う(とおもう)N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    むしろものをもたないほうと思っているが、それでもものが多過ぎるのである。

    If anything, I consider myself someone who owns relatively few things, and yet even I have too many.

  • それでもN4

    Concessive conjunction — 'even so, nevertheless, still.'

    むしろものをもたないほうと思っているが、それでもものが多過ぎるのである。

    If anything, I consider myself someone who owns relatively few things, and yet even I have too many.

  • 〜ていくN42 times in this passage

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    人はぽつんと生まれて、ぷつんと消えていく

    A person is born alone and eventually disappears from this world.

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    家や土地、道具にしても、いくら自分の所有だと力んでみても、死んでしまえばもっていけない。

    Whether houses, land, or belongings, no matter how insistently we claim that they are ours, we cannot take them with us when we die.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    家や土地、道具にしても、いくら自分の所有だと力んでみても、死んでしまえばもっていけない。

    Whether houses, land, or belongings, no matter how insistently we claim that they are ours, we cannot take them with us when we die.

  • なければならないN4

    Expresses a general, unavoidable obligation or necessity — 'must / have to'.

    いずれは世の中に返していかなければならない

    Sooner or later, we have to return them to the world.

  • 〜の中でN4

    Marks a set or group as the domain of a comparison — "among ~ / of all ~", typically paired with a superlative.

    このわずかな人生の時間の中で、②それを楽しむしかないのだ。

    During the brief span of our lives, all we can do is enjoy them.

  • 間(あいだ)N4

    Marks a span of time or space throughout which, or between whose endpoints, something else continuously holds — 'while; during; between'.

    空気や水と同じように、土地も家も道具も、あらゆる諸物は世の中から預かって、生きている間だけ借りているのだ、という考えだった。

    The idea was that, just like air and water, land, houses, belongings, and everything else are entrusted to us by the world and merely borrowed for the duration of our lives.

  • 〜ているN56 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    50年住み慣れた小さな家だったが、いざ引っ越しとなると、使っていない道具がごろごろ出てきて、あらためてものの多さにびっくりした。

    It was a small house I had been accustomed to living in for fifty years, but when the time actually came to move, unused belongings appeared one after another, making me realize with surprise all over again just how many things I owned.

  • だろうN52 times in this passage

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    あと何年生きられるだろうと人生を逆算してみて、①この物量はムダだなぁと引っ越しのトラックの助手席で考えた。

    I worked backward from how many more years I might have left to live and, sitting in the passenger seat of the moving truck, thought, “This amount of stuff is really wasteful.”

  • のでN5

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    むしろものをもたないほうと思っているが、それでもものが多過ぎるのである。

    If anything, I consider myself someone who owns relatively few things, and yet even I have too many.

  • だけN5

    Limiting particle marking 'only / just' — restricts to the stated amount, degree, or item.

    空気や水と同じように、土地も家も道具も、あらゆる諸物は世の中から預かって、生きている間だけ借りているのだ、という考えだった。

    The idea was that, just like air and water, land, houses, belongings, and everything else are entrusted to us by the world and merely borrowed for the duration of our lives.

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし、所有欲をふくらませるには、どこかで限界があるだろう。

    However, there must be some limit to how far we can keep expanding our desire for possessions.

  • がありますN5

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    しかし、所有欲をふくらませるには、どこかで限界があるだろう。

    However, there must be some limit to how far we can keep expanding our desire for possessions.

  • までN5

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    (野外活動研究会『目からウロコの日常物観察ーー無用物から転用物まで』による)

    (From the Outdoor Activities Research Group, “Eye-Opening Observations of Everyday Objects — From Useless Things to Repurposed Things”)

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