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N2 · Upper intermediateThematic comprehensionPassage #543
2

こうふくじんせいもくひょうあるそれだけに一体いったいどういうものが「こうふく」なのかのは、それついきゅうするぜんていとしてしんこくだいあるおもあるときわかひとが、わたしこうふくというのはあるのか」しんこくそうかおしてことある

かれにんげんよくぼう(注1)というのはげんつづものあるからこうふくかんまでなかなかとうたつしないのではないというのだ。なるほどそういえるかもしれないにんげんしんするどうぶつあるならなおさらこと(注2)

でもわたしこうふくそんざいするおもいるしゅれいとっても、あるひときゅうすることあげひとたちどくしょえいおんがくそれぞれしゅちょうするざんさかなというひといるだろう。このようしゅひとによってさまざまだが、どうようこうふくについてひとによってかんがかたまちまち(注3)おも

こうふくとはどのようもの?」とゆうふく(注4)なること」とこたひといるだろう。また、「しゃかいてきとうたつする」のをこうふくだとかんがいるかもしれないぎゃくそのようゆうふくとかしゃかいてきていして、「こころゆたひと」になることこうふくだとおもいるひといるおもこうかんじょうさらにせいかつようしきさえことにんげんことだ。こうふくについてかんがかたに、あっていいのではないか。ただおなゆうふくしゅちょうしても、おおひとこうふくねがぜんぎょうきょうりょくするひといれば一方いっぽうには「がめついやっこ(注5)かんばんてるようひといるにんなんといわれようと、そのひとそれ結構けっこうこうふくなのだ。にんげんぶんのだからにんめいわくさえかけなければこれでもいいのである

しかしわたしスタートだんかいではそれでもいいが、いつまでそのままかんがからしんしないのではこまおもわたししんとしては、べつかたとる

こうふくというものについてこれだといいかんがまだわたしいないが、わたしは「かいしゃでのごとたのていでのせいかつたのつまりいちにちじゅうよんかんたのこと」がこうふくだとおもいることすこぶる(注6)へいぼんだが、このないようぼんだとしている(注7)それと、ぶんこうふくじょうたいが「にんにもたのこころたのものありたいともわたしおも

ほんそういちろうあげてによる

ちゅう1)よくぼうつよのぞ

ちゅう2)なおさらことだ:ここでは、ますますそうだといえる

ちゅう3)まちまちだ:それぞれちがいる

ちゅう4)ゆうふくかね

ちゅう5)「がめついやっこ」のかんばんてるようひとけちよくひと

ちゅう6)すこぶるじょう

ちゅう7)するぶんしんしんほこ

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1若い人が「幸福というのはあるのか」と聞いたのはなぜか。
  2. 2筆者はスタートの段階ではどうすればいいと述べているか。
  3. 3筆者の目指している幸福とはどのようなものか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary6 words
  • 無限むげん
    • ·infinity; infinitude; eternity
    • ·infinite; limitless
    N2
  • 看板かんばん
    • ·signboard; sign; billboard; hoarding; doorplate
    • ·draw; attraction; feature; highlight; spokesman; figurehead
    • ·reputation (of a shop); name
    • ·appearance; look; show
    • ·closing (for the day, esp. of a restaurant or bar); closing time
    N2
  • 背負うせおうAs it appears here: 背負って
    • ·to carry on one's back
    • ·to be burdened with; to take responsibility for
    • ·to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something)
    • ·to be conceited; to think highly of oneself
    N2
  • 段階だんかい
    • ·stage; step; phase
    • ·level; rank; grade; gradation
    • ·order
    • ·stairs
    N2
  • 平凡へいぼん
    • ·ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished; uneventful
    N2
  • 欲張りよくばり
    • ·greed; avarice; covetousness; greedy person
    N2
Other levels117 words
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • 知るしる
    • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
    • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
    • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
    • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
    • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
    • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 若いわかい
    • ·young; youthful
    • ·immature; green
    • ·low (number); small
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞いた
    • ·to hear
    • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
    • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
    • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
    • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
    • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
    • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しない
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 動物どうぶつ
    • ·animal
    N5
  • あげるAs it appears here: あげ
    • ·to raise; to elevate
    • ·to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf)
    • ·to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage)
    • ·to show someone (into a room); to let in (e.g. a guest)
    • ·to give
    • ·to enrol (one's child in school); to enroll; to send (one's child; e.g. to college)
    • ·to develop (talent, skill, etc.); to improve
    • ·to earn (something desirable); to achieve (e.g. a good result); to obtain
    • ·to promote (someone)
    • ·to complete; to finish
    • ·to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice)
    • ·to raise (one's gaze); to lift up (one's face); to look up
    • ·to do up (one's hair)
    • ·to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.)
    • ·to praise; to commend; to flatter
    • ·to make do (with less expenses than expected); to cover expenses (with a given amount); to set costs
    • ·to finish (one's studies); to complete (a lesson); to pass (e.g. a class)
    • ·to upload (e.g. an image); to publish (on the internet); to post
    • ·to raise someone's spirits; to cheer someone up; to enhance a mood
    • ·(of the tide) to come in; to rise
    • ·to increase (of market price); to rise (of stock prices)
    • ·to vomit; to throw up
    • ·to do for (the sake of someone else)
    • ·to complete ...
    • ·to humbly do ...
    N5
  • 映画えいが
    • ·movie; film; motion picture
    N5
  • 音楽おんがく
    • ·music
    N5
  • いる
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • どの
    • ·which; what (way)
    N5
  • 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞かれたら
    • ·to hear
    • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
    • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
    • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
    • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
    • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
    • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 答えるこたえる
    • ·to answer; to reply
    N5
  • また
    • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
    • ·also; too; as well; likewise
    • ·on the other hand; while
    • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
    • ·or; otherwise
    • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
    • ·some time (in the future)
    • ·indirect
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あって
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • いるAs it appears here: いれば
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • いうAs it appears here: いわれよう
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • 結構けっこう
    • ·splendid; nice; wonderful; delightful; lovely; excellent; fine
    • ·sufficient; satisfactory; enough; fine; all right; OK
    • ·not needing (any more of something); (already) having enough; fine (as in "I'm fine"); no, thank you
    • ·rather; quite; fairly; pretty; surprisingly; quite a bit; fairly well
    • ·structure; construction; framework; architecture
    N5
  • かけるAs it appears here: かけなければ
    • ·to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)
    • ·to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover; to lay; to spread
    • ·to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.)
    • ·to make (a call)
    • ·to spend (time, money); to expend; to use
    • ·to pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto
    • ·to turn on (an engine, radio, etc.); to set (a dial, alarm clock, etc.); to put on (a DVD, song, etc.); to use (a device, implement, etc.)
    • ·to cause (someone inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose
    • ·to multiply (arithmetic operation)
    • ·to secure (e.g. lock)
    • ·to take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else)
    • ·to bind
    • ·to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
    • ·to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
    • ·to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
    • ·to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
    • ·to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
    • ·to increase further
    • ·to catch (in a trap, etc.)
    • ·to set atop
    • ·to erect (a makeshift building)
    • ·to apply (insurance)
    • ·to pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words
    • ·to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ...
    • ·to address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone)
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • いつ
    • ·when; at what time; how soon
    • ·normal times; ordinary days
    N5
  • 困るこまる
    • ·to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be in a fix; to be at a loss; to be stumped; to be embarrassed
    • ·to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be annoyed
    • ·to be badly off; to be hard up; to be in straitened circumstances
    N5
  • まだ
    • ·still; as yet; only
    • ·(not) yet
    • ·more; (more) still
    • ·at least; comparatively; relatively
    • ·unfinished; incomplete; not yet done
    N5
  • 持つもつAs it appears here: 持って
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 会社かいしゃ
    • ·company; corporation; firm
    • ·one's workplace
    N5
  • 仕事しごと
    • ·work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment
    • ·work
    N5
  • 楽しいたのしいAs it appears here: 楽しく
    • ·enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
    N5
  • 家庭かてい
    • ·home; household; family; hearth
    N5
  • 楽しいたのしい
    • ·enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
    N5
  • 一日いちにち
    • ·one day
    • ·all day (long); the whole day; from morning till night
    • ·first day of the month
    N5
  • よん
    • ·four; 4
    N5
  • 時間じかん
    • ·time
    • ·hour
    • ·period; class; lesson
    N5
  • 言葉ことば
    • ·language; dialect
    • ·word; phrase; expression; term
    • ·speech; (manner of) speaking; (use of) language
    • ·words; remark; statement; comment
    • ·learning to speak; language acquisition
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
    • ·eye; eyeball
    • ·eyesight; sight; vision
    • ·look; stare; gaze; glance
    • ·notice; attention; observation; eyes (of the world, public, etc.)
    • ·an experience
    • ·viewpoint
    • ·discrimination; discernment; judgement; eye (e.g. for quality)
    • ·(an) appearance
    • ·chance (of success); possibility (of a good result)
    • ·spacing (between crossed strands of a net, mesh, etc.); opening; stitch; texture; weave
    • ·grain (of wood, paper)
    • ·eye (of a storm, needle, etc.)
    • ·intersection (on a go board); square (on a chessboard)
    • ·dot (on a dice); pip; rolled number
    • ·graduation; division (of a scale)
    • ·tooth (of a saw, comb, etc.)
    • ·ordinal number suffix
    • ·somewhat; -ish
    • ·point (e.g. of change)
    • ·eye (empty space inside a group of stones)
    N5
  • あげるAs it appears here: あげて
    • ·to raise; to elevate
    • ·to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf)
    • ·to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage)
    • ·to show someone (into a room); to let in (e.g. a guest)
    • ·to give
    • ·to enrol (one's child in school); to enroll; to send (one's child; e.g. to college)
    • ·to develop (talent, skill, etc.); to improve
    • ·to earn (something desirable); to achieve (e.g. a good result); to obtain
    • ·to promote (someone)
    • ·to complete; to finish
    • ·to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice)
    • ·to raise (one's gaze); to lift up (one's face); to look up
    • ·to do up (one's hair)
    • ·to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.)
    • ·to praise; to commend; to flatter
    • ·to make do (with less expenses than expected); to cover expenses (with a given amount); to set costs
    • ·to finish (one's studies); to complete (a lesson); to pass (e.g. a class)
    • ·to upload (e.g. an image); to publish (on the internet); to post
    • ·to raise someone's spirits; to cheer someone up; to enhance a mood
    • ·(of the tide) to come in; to rise
    • ·to increase (of market price); to rise (of stock prices)
    • ·to vomit; to throw up
    • ·to do for (the sake of someone else)
    • ·to complete ...
    • ·to humbly do ...
    N5
  • 欲しいほしい
    • ·wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for
    • ·I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
    N5
  • 強いつよいAs it appears here: 強く
    • ·strong; potent; competent; domineering; tough
    • ·strong; brawny; powerful; healthy; rugged
    • ·good (at); skilled; knowledgeable
    • ·being able to handle; know how to deal (with); durable (against); resistant (to); resilient
    • ·firm; rigid; solid
    • ·intense; strong; fierce; high
    • ·dependable; trustworthy
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 違うちがうAs it appears here: 違って
    • ·to differ (from); to be different; to be distinct; to be unlike; to vary; to disagree (with)
    • ·to be wrong; to be incorrect; to be mistaken
    • ·to become abnormal; to go wrong
    • ·isn't it?; wasn't it?
    N5
  • 持つもつ
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 思うおもう
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 向かうむかうAs it appears here: 向かって
    • ·to face
    • ·to go towards; to head towards
    N4
  • かれ
    • ·he; him
    • ·boyfriend
    N4
  • 続くつづく
    • ·to continue; to last; to go on
    • ·to continue (without a break); to be unbroken
    • ·to occur again and again
    • ·to lead to; to connect to; to adjoin
    • ·to come after; to follow; to succeed; to rank next to
    • ·to hold out; to keep; to last
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思って
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 趣味しゅみ
    • ·hobby; pastime
    • ·tastes; preference; liking
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • こころ
    • ·mind; heart; spirit
    • ·the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
    N4
  • 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生き
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • 生きるいきる
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • べつ
    • ·distinction; difference; discrimination
    • ·separate; different; another; extra
    • ·exception; exclusion
    • ·classified by; ranked by; according to
    N4
  • 生活せいかつ
    • ·life; living
    • ·livelihood; (one's) living
    N4
  • 気持ちきもち
    • ·feeling; sensation; mood; state of mind
    • ·preparedness; readiness; attitude
    • ·thought; sentiment; consideration; solicitude; gratitude
    • ·slightly; a bit; a little
    N4
  • 金持ちかねもち
    • ·rich person; wealthy person
    N4
  • 非常にひじょうに
    • ·very; extremely; exceedingly
    N4
  • 幸福こうふく
    • ·happiness; well-being; joy; welfare; blessedness
    N3
  • 人生じんせい
    • ·(one's) life
    N3
  • 目標もくひょう
    • ·goal; target; aim; objective
    • ·mark; sign; landmark
    N3
  • 一体いったい
    • ·(what) the heck; (why) in the world; (who) on earth; (where) the hell; (how) the hell
    • ·one object; one body; one unit; one group; one mass
    • ·one form; one style; one format; one fashion
    • ·one Buddhist image; one carving; one sculpture
    • ·one corpse; one sample (of bones, remains, etc.)
    • ·generally; in general; on the whole; by and large; for the most part
    • ·strictly speaking; in the first place; originally; to begin with
    N3
  • 深刻しんこく
    • ·serious; severe; grave; acute
    N3
  • とき
    • ·time; hour; moment
    • ·occasion; case
    • ·chance; opportunity; season
    • ·the times; the age; the day
    • ·tense
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • なかなか
    • ·very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather
    • ·by no means; not readily
    • ·middle; half-way point
    • ·excellent; wonderful; very good
    N3
  • 進歩しんぽ
    • ·progress; advance; improvement; development
    N3
  • 存在そんざい
    • ·existence; being; presence
    N3
  • れい
    • ·example; instance; illustration; case
    • ·precedent
    • ·custom; habit; practice; usage
    N3
  • 読書どくしょ
    • ·reading (books)
    N3
  • 主張しゅちょう
    • ·claim; insistence; assertion; advocacy; emphasis; contention; opinion; tenet
    N3
  • 登山とざん
    • ·mountain climbing; mountaineering; ascent of a mountain
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • さまざま
    • ·various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
    N3
  • 地位ちい
    • ·(social) position; status; standing
    • ·position (in a company, organization, etc.); post; rank
    N3
  • 否定ひてい
    • ·denial; negation; repudiation; disavowal
    • ·negation
    • ·NOT operation
    N3
  • 豊かゆたか
    • ·abundant; plentiful; rich; ample
    • ·rich; wealthy; affluent; well-off
    • ·open (mind); relaxed; easy
    • ·plump (e.g. breasts); full; ample
    • ·(well) over; (easily) in excess of
    N3
  • 感情かんじょう
    • ·emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
    N3
  • さらに
    • ·furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
    N3
  • 異なることなる
    • ·to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
    N3
    • ·difference; variation
    • ·difference
    N3
  • ただ
    • ·ordinary; common; usual
    • ·free of charge
    • ·unaffected; as is; safe
    • ·only; merely; just; simply
    • ·but; however; nevertheless
    N3
  • 願うねがうAs it appears here: 願って
    • ·to desire; to wish; to hope
    • ·to beg; to request; to implore; to pray
    • ·to have something done for oneself
    N3
  • 協力きょうりょく
    • ·cooperation; collaboration; help; support
    N3
  • 一方いっぽう
    • ·one (esp. of two); the other; one way; the other way; one direction; the other direction; one side; the other side; one party; the other party
    • ·on the one hand; on the other hand
    • ·whereas; although; but at the same time; meanwhile; in turn
    • ·just keeps; being inclined to ...; tending to be ...; tending to do ...; continuously ...; just keeps on ...ing; only
    N3
  • 他人たにん
    • ·another person; other people; others
    • ·unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood)
    • ·outsider; stranger
    N3
  • 迷惑めいわく
    • ·trouble; bother; annoyance; nuisance; inconvenience
    • ·to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)
    N3
  • それでも
    • ·but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
    N3
  • そのまま
    • ·without change; as is
    • ·just like; extremely similar
    • ·immediately; just after; without a pause
    N3
  • 考えかんがえ
    • ·thinking; thought; view; opinion; concept
    • ·idea; notion; imagination
    • ·intention; plan; design
    • ·consideration; judgement; deliberation; reflection
    • ·wish; hope; expectation
    N3
  • つまり
    • ·that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means
    • ·in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically
    • ·clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage
    • ·shrinkage
    • ·end; conclusion
    • ·dead end; corner
    • ·distress; being at the end of one's rope
    N3
  • 過ごすすごす
    • ·to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live
    • ·to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to carry too far; to carry to excess
    • ·to take care of; to support
    • ·to overdo; to do too much
    • ·to ... without acting on it; to ... without getting involved
    N3
  • 内容ないよう
    • ·contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
    N3
  • 状態じょうたい
    • ·state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 望むのぞむ
    • ·to desire; to want; to wish for; to hope for
    • ·to expect (of someone); to hope for; to look forward to
    • ·to see; to command (a view of); to overlook
    N3
  • ますます
    • ·increasingly; more and more
    • ·decreasingly; less and less
    N3
  • 誇りほこり
    • ·pride; boast; credit (to)
    N3
  • 前提ぜんてい
    • ·condition; assumption; prerequisite; hypothesis
    • ·intention; intent; aim; goal
    • ·premise
    N1
  • 課題かだい
    • ·subject; theme; issue; matter
    • ·homework; assignment
    • ·problem (that needs solving); task; challenge; question
    • ·route (in climbing, bouldering, etc.); problem
    N1
  • 欲望よくぼう
    • ·desire; appetite; lust
    N1
  • 到達とうたつ
    • ·reaching; attaining; arrival
    N1
  • なおさら
    • ·still more; even more; all the more
    • ·still less; even less
    N1
  • まちまち
    • ·various; diverse; different; divergent; divided; conflicting
    N1
  • 思考しこう
    • ·thought; consideration; thinking
    N1
  • やっこ
    • ·servant (esp. a samurai's attendant)
    • ·chivalrous man (Edo period)
    • ·cubed tofu (often served cold)
    • ·kite shaped like an Edo-period footman
    • ·Edo-period hairstyle worn by samurai's attendants
    • ·enslavement (of a woman; Edo-period punishment for her own or her husband's crime)
    • ·he; she; him; her
    N1
  • なんと
    • ·what; how
    • ·what (a) ...!; how ...!
    • ·surprisingly; to my amazement; believe it or not; why, ...!
    • ·oh my; wow
    • ·well, ...; so, ...
    N1
  • 楽しむたのしむAs it appears here: 楽しませる
    • ·to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to have fun; to amuse oneself
    • ·to look forward to
    N1
  • 自信じしん
    • ·self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)
    N1
Grammar4 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • に向かってN2

    Indicates the direction, goal, or target that motion or an action is aimed at; 'toward / facing'.

    あるとき、若い人が、私に向かって「幸福というのはあるのか」と深刻そうな顔をして聞いたことがある。

    Once, a young person looked at me with a serious expression and asked, “Does happiness really exist?”

  • ではないかN22 times in this passage

    Rhetorically seeks agreement or expresses a realization — 'isn't it? / right? / surely.'

    彼は人間の欲望というのは無限に続くものであるから、幸福感まではなかなか到達しないのではないかというのだ。

    He said that because human desires are endless, perhaps it is very difficult for us ever to reach a sense of happiness.

  • 逆に(ぎゃくに)N2

    Signals that what follows runs opposite to what was just said or expected — 'on the contrary', 'conversely', 'the other way around'.

    逆にそのような裕福とか社会的地位を否定して、「心の豊かな人」になることが幸福だと思っている人もいると思う。

    Conversely, I think there are also people who reject things like wealth and social status and believe that happiness means becoming “a person rich in spirit.”

  • さらにN2

    Adds a further point or a greater degree — 'furthermore', 'moreover', 'even more'.

    思考や感情、さらには生活様式さえ異なる人間のことだ。

    After all, people differ in their thoughts, feelings, and even their ways of life.

Other levels32 patterns
  • だの~だのN12 times in this passage

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    それだけに一体どういうものが「幸福」なのか知るのは、それを追求する前提として深刻な課題であると思う。

    For that very reason, I believe that understanding what “happiness” really is poses a serious question and is a prerequisite for pursuing it.

  • なんという / なんと / なんてN1

    Exclamatory or dismissive marker, "what a ...!", "how ...!", or citing something offhandedly, "things like ...".

    他人になんといわれようと、その人はそれで結構幸福なのだ。

    Whatever others may say, that person is quite happy living that way.

  • というものN1

    Emphasizes the entire stretch of a stated time period, or foregrounds the essential nature of a thing — "for the whole (time)...", "the very idea of...".

    幸福というものについて、これだといい切れる考えはまだ私も持っていないが、私は「会社での仕事も楽しく、家庭での生活も楽しい、つまり一日二十四時間を楽しく過ごすこと」が幸福だと思っている。

    I still do not have a view of happiness that I can definitively say is the answer, but I believe happiness means “enjoying one’s work at the company and enjoying one’s life at home—in other words, spending all twenty-four hours of the day happily.”

  • としてN32 times in this passage

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    それだけに一体どういうものが「幸福」なのか知るのは、それを追求する前提として深刻な課題であると思う。

    For that very reason, I believe that understanding what “happiness” really is poses a serious question and is a prerequisite for pursuing it.

  • というのはN32 times in this passage

    Introduces an explanation or definition of the topic just named — 'the thing called…' / 'what … means is'.

    あるとき、若い人が、私に向かって「幸福というのはあるのか」と深刻そうな顔をして聞いたことがある。

    Once, a young person looked at me with a serious expression and asked, “Does happiness really exist?”

  • なかなかN3

    An adverb meaning "quite / considerably", or with a following negative verb "not easily / just won't".

    彼は人間の欲望というのは無限に続くものであるから、幸福感まではなかなか到達しないのではないかというのだ。

    He said that because human desires are endless, perhaps it is very difficult for us ever to reach a sense of happiness.

  • というN32 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    彼は人間の欲望というのは無限に続くものであるから、幸福感まではなかなか到達しないのではないかというのだ。

    He said that because human desires are endless, perhaps it is very difficult for us ever to reach a sense of happiness.

  • によって/によるN33 times in this passage

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    このように趣味は人によってさまざまだが、同様に幸福についても人によっては考え方がまちまちだと思う。

    Just as hobbies vary from person to person, I think people’s ideas about happiness likewise differ.

  • についてN33 times in this passage

    Marks the topic an action or statement is directed at; 'about', 'concerning', 'regarding'.

    このように趣味は人によってさまざまだが、同様に幸福についても人によっては考え方がまちまちだと思う。

    Just as hobbies vary from person to person, I think people’s ideas about happiness likewise differ.

  • 的(てき)N3

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    また、「社会的な地位に到達する」のを幸福だと考えているかもしれない。

    Others may regard “attaining social status” as happiness.

  • ためにN3

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    人間は自分のために生きるのだから、他人に迷惑さえかけなければこれでもいいのである。

    People live for themselves, so as long as they do not cause trouble for others, there is nothing wrong with living that way.

  • ままN3

    Expresses that a state is left unchanged while something else is done or happens; 'as it is / while still (in that state).'

    しかし、私はスタートの段階ではそれでもいいが、いつまでもそのままの考えから進歩しないのでは困ると思う。

    However, I think that way of thinking is acceptable as a starting point, but it becomes a problem if one never progresses beyond it.

  • といい/たらいいN3

    Expresses a hope or gentle suggestion — "it'd be good if", "you should", "I hope ~".

    幸福というものについて、これだといい切れる考えはまだ私も持っていないが、私は「会社での仕事も楽しく、家庭での生活も楽しい、つまり一日二十四時間を楽しく過ごすこと」が幸福だと思っている。

    I still do not have a view of happiness that I can definitively say is the answer, but I believe happiness means “enjoying one’s work at the company and enjoying one’s life at home—in other words, spending all twenty-four hours of the day happily.”

  • つまりN3

    Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.

    幸福というものについて、これだといい切れる考えはまだ私も持っていないが、私は「会社での仕事も楽しく、家庭での生活も楽しい、つまり一日二十四時間を楽しく過ごすこと」が幸福だと思っている。

    I still do not have a view of happiness that I can definitively say is the answer, but I believe happiness means “enjoying one’s work at the company and enjoying one’s life at home—in other words, spending all twenty-four hours of the day happily.”

  • と思う(とおもう)N47 times in this passage

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    それだけに一体どういうものが「幸福」なのか知るのは、それを追求する前提として深刻な課題であると思う

    For that very reason, I believe that understanding what “happiness” really is poses a serious question and is a prerequisite for pursuing it.

  • ときN4

    Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

    あるとき、若い人が、私に向かって「幸福というのはあるのか」と深刻そうな顔をして聞いたことがある。

    Once, a young person looked at me with a serious expression and asked, “Does happiness really exist?”

  • かもしれないN42 times in this passage

    Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.

    なるほどそういえるかもしれない

    Indeed, that may well be true.

  • ようだN44 times in this passage

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    「幸福とはどのようなもの?」と聞かれたら「裕福になること」と答える人もいるのだろう。

    If asked, “What is happiness?”, some people would probably answer, “Becoming wealthy.”

  • たらN4

    Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').

    「幸福とはどのようなもの?」と聞かれたら「裕福になること」と答える人もいるのだろう。

    If asked, “What is happiness?”, some people would probably answer, “Becoming wealthy.”

  • とか~とかN4

    Lists a few representative, non-exhaustive examples — 'things like X and Y', 'X, Y, and so on'.

    逆にそのような裕福とか社会的地位を否定して、「心の豊かな人」になることが幸福だと思っている人もいると思う。

    Conversely, I think there are also people who reject things like wealth and social status and believe that happiness means becoming “a person rich in spirit.”

  • てもN42 times in this passage

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    幸福についての考え方に、差があってもいいのではないか。

    So surely there is nothing wrong with people having different ideas about happiness.

  • それでもN4

    Concessive conjunction — 'even so, nevertheless, still.'

    しかし、私はスタートの段階ではそれでもいいが、いつまでもそのままの考えから進歩しないのでは困ると思う。

    However, I think that way of thinking is acceptable as a starting point, but it becomes a problem if one never progresses beyond it.

  • 〜たことがあるN5

    States that the speaker has had the experience of doing something at some point — “have done (before)”.

    あるとき、若い人が、私に向かって「幸福というのはあるのか」と深刻そうな顔をして聞いたことがある

    Once, a young person looked at me with a serious expression and asked, “Does happiness really exist?”

  • までN52 times in this passage

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    彼は人間の欲望というのは無限に続くものであるから、幸福感まではなかなか到達しないのではないかというのだ。

    He said that because human desires are endless, perhaps it is very difficult for us ever to reach a sense of happiness.

  • 〜ているN57 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    でも、私は幸福は存在すると思っている

    But I believe that happiness does exist.

  • とてもN5

    Degree adverb intensifying an adjective or adverb — "very / extremely."

    趣味に例をとっても、ある人は野球することをあげ、他の人達は読書や映画、音楽とそれぞれに主張する。

    Take hobbies, for example: one person may say that playing baseball is their hobby, while others may name reading, movies, or music.

  • だろうN52 times in this passage

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    登山や魚釣りという人もいるだろう

    Some may say mountain climbing or fishing.

  • がありますN5

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    幸福についての考え方に、差があってもいいのではないか。

    So surely there is nothing wrong with people having different ideas about happiness.

  • のでN52 times in this passage

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    人間は自分のために生きるのだから、他人に迷惑さえかけなければこれでもいいのである。

    People live for themselves, so as long as they do not cause trouble for others, there is nothing wrong with living that way.

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし、私はスタートの段階ではそれでもいいが、いつまでもそのままの考えから進歩しないのでは困ると思う。

    However, I think that way of thinking is acceptable as a starting point, but it becomes a problem if one never progresses beyond it.

  • まだN5

    Adverb showing an action or state still continues, or (with a negative) has not happened yet — "still / (not) yet."

    幸福というものについて、これだといい切れる考えはまだ私も持っていないが、私は「会社での仕事も楽しく、家庭での生活も楽しい、つまり一日二十四時間を楽しく過ごすこと」が幸福だと思っている。

    I still do not have a view of happiness that I can definitively say is the answer, but I believe happiness means “enjoying one’s work at the company and enjoying one’s life at home—in other words, spending all twenty-four hours of the day happily.”

  • 〜たいN5

    Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

    それと、自分の幸福な状態が「他人の目にも楽しく、心も楽しませる」ものでありたいとも私は思う。

    I also want my own state of happiness to be something that “looks joyful to others and brings joy to their hearts as well.”

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