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N2 · Upper intermediateShort passagePassage #524
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「ルール」はなぜあるのでしょうか？

スポーツを理り解かいするために最さい初しょに確かく認にんしておきますが、〝スポーツは人にん間げんが楽たのしむためのもの〟です。これが出発点しゅっぱつてんです。決けっして「世よの中なかに無なければならないモノ」でもなければ、生いきるためにどうしても「必ひつ要ようなモノ」でもありませんが、楽たのしむためのモノであり、その〝スポーツで楽たのしむ〟ために「ルール」があるのです。

そして、ルールのもとで勝しょう敗はいを競きそいますが、このことが楽たのしくないのであれば、スポーツをする価か値ちはありません。

（高たか峰みね修おさむ『スポーツ教きょう養よう入にゅう門もん』による）

Questions

0/1 answered
  1. 1筆者の考えに合うのはどれか。

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Vocabulary2 words
  • 勝敗しょうはい
    • ·victory or defeat; outcome (of a game, battle, etc.)
    N2
  • 教養きょうよう
    • ·(understanding or appreciation of) culture; (one's) education; cultivation; sophistication; refinement
    N2
Other levels25 words
  • なぜ
    • ·why; how; for what reason
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • モノもの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: ありません
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • 楽しいたのしいAs it appears here: 楽しくない
    • ·enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
    N5
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 最初さいしょ
    • ·beginning; outset; first; onset
    N4
  • 決してけっして
    • ·(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
    N4
  • 生きるいきる
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 理解りかい
    • ·understanding; comprehension; appreciation
    • ·sympathy
    N3
  • 確認かくにん
    • ·confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation; identification
    N3
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • 世の中よのなか
    • ·society; the world; the times
    N3
  • どうしても
    • ·by all means; at any cost; no matter what; at any rate; surely
    • ·whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; willy-nilly
    • ·on no account; by no means
    • ·in the end; in the long run; after all; eventually
    N3
  • もと
    • ·origin; source; beginning
    • ·basis; base; foundation; root
    • ·cause
    • ·(raw) material; ingredient; base; mix (e.g. for a cake); (soup) stock
    • ·(one's) side
    • ·capital; principal; cost price
    • ·root (of a plant); (tree) trunk
    • ·part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand)
    • ·first three lines of a waka
    • ·counter for plants or trees
    • ·counter for falcons (in falconry)
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 価値かち
    • ·value; worth; merit
    N3
  • 楽しむたのしむ
    • ·to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to have fun; to amuse oneself
    • ·to look forward to
    N1
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • の下でN2

    under the supervision, conditions, or influence of ~ — 'under ~', 'based on ~'

    そして、ルールのもとで勝敗を競いますが、このことが楽しくないのであれば、スポーツをする価値はありません。

    Under those rules, people compete to win or lose; but if that is not enjoyable, there is no value in playing sports.

Other levels10 patterns
  • のでしょうかN3

    Softens a question to ask for the reason or explanation behind something — 'I wonder why...', 'could it be that...'.

    「ルール」はなぜあるのでしょうか？

    Why do “rules” exist?

  • ためにN35 times in this passage

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    スポーツを理解するために最初に確認しておきますが、〝スポーツは人間が楽しむためのもの〟です。

    First, in order to understand sports, we need to establish one thing: “sports are something for people to enjoy.”

  • 決して～ないN3

    Adverb pairing with a following negative to stress absolute denial, 'never / by no means / not at all'.

    決して「世の中に無ければならないモノ」でもなければ、生きるためにどうしても「必要なモノ」でもありませんが、楽しむためのモノであり、その〝スポーツで楽しむ〟ために「ルール」があるのです。

    Sports are neither “something the world cannot do without” nor “something absolutely necessary” for survival; they are something to be enjoyed, and “rules” exist so that people can “enjoy sports.”

  • どうしてもN3

    Fixed adverb "no matter what / by all means"; with a negative predicate it means "(simply) cannot ... however hard one tries."

    決して「世の中に無ければならないモノ」でもなければ、生きるためにどうしても「必要なモノ」でもありませんが、楽しむためのモノであり、その〝スポーツで楽しむ〟ために「ルール」があるのです。

    Sports are neither “something the world cannot do without” nor “something absolutely necessary” for survival; they are something to be enjoyed, and “rules” exist so that people can “enjoy sports.”

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    （高峰修『スポーツ教養入門』による）

    (From 高峰修, “Introduction to Sports Literacy”)

  • 〜ておくN4

    Verb te-form plus 置く, doing something in advance as preparation or leaving it done for later — 'do ... in advance'.

    スポーツを理解するために最初に確認しておきますが、〝スポーツは人間が楽しむためのもの〟です。

    First, in order to understand sports, we need to establish one thing: “sports are something for people to enjoy.”

  • だ / ですN53 times in this passage

    The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

    スポーツを理解するために最初に確認しておきますが、〝スポーツは人間が楽しむためのもの〟です。

    First, in order to understand sports, we need to establish one thing: “sports are something for people to enjoy.”

  • がありますN5

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    決して「世の中に無ければならないモノ」でもなければ、生きるためにどうしても「必要なモノ」でもありませんが、楽しむためのモノであり、その〝スポーツで楽しむ〟ために「ルール」があるのです。

    Sports are neither “something the world cannot do without” nor “something absolutely necessary” for survival; they are something to be enjoyed, and “rules” exist so that people can “enjoy sports.”

  • そしてN5

    Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.

    そして、ルールのもとで勝敗を競いますが、このことが楽しくないのであれば、スポーツをする価値はありません。

    Under those rules, people compete to win or lose; but if that is not enjoyable, there is no value in playing sports.

  • のでN5

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    そして、ルールのもとで勝敗を競いますが、このことが楽しくないのであれば、スポーツをする価値はありません。

    Under those rules, people compete to win or lose; but if that is not enjoyable, there is no value in playing sports.

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