• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 花はな
  • ·flower; blossom; bloom; petal
  • ·cherry blossom
  • ·beauty
  • ·blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms)
  • ·ikebana
  • ·hanafuda
  • ·(the) best
  • ·glorious; lovely
  N5
• 言ういうAs it appears here: 言ったら
  • ·to say; to utter; to declare
  • ·to name; to call
  • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
  N5
• 人ひと
  • ·person; someone; somebody
  • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
  • ·human (Homo sapiens)
  • ·(other) people; others
  • ·character; personality; nature
  • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
  • ·adult; grown-up
  • ·I; me; one
  N5
• あるAs it appears here: あった
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• ある
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• その
  • ·that; the
  • ·part (as in "part two")
  • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
  N5
• なか
  • ·inside; interior
  • ·among; within
  • ·middle; center; centre
  • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
  • ·interval; gap
  • ·mean; average
  • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
  • ·medium grade; medium quality
  • ·red-light district
  N5
• 言葉ことば
  • ·language; dialect
  • ·word; phrase; expression; term
  • ·speech; (manner of) speaking; (use of) language
  • ·words; remark; statement; comment
  • ·learning to speak; language acquisition
  N5
• 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使われた
  • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
  • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
  • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
  • ·to use (language); to speak
  N5
• もの
  • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
  • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  • ·quality
  • ·reason; the way of things
  • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
  • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
  • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  • ·really; truly
  N5
• たくさん
  • ·a lot; lots; plenty; many; a large number; much; a great deal; a good deal
  • ·enough; sufficient
  • ·enough; too many; too much
  N5
• 中なか
  • ·inside; interior
  • ·among; within
  • ·middle; center; centre
  • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
  • ·interval; gap
  • ·mean; average
  • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
  • ·medium grade; medium quality
  • ·red-light district
  N5
• これ
  • ·this; this one
  • ·this person
  • ·now; this point (in time)
  • ·here
  • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
  • ·I; me
  N5
• 意味いみ
  • ·meaning; significance; sense
  N5
• 少ないすくない
  • ·few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient; seldom; rare
  N5
• そこ
  • ·there (place relatively near listener)
  • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
  • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
  • ·you
  N5
• あまり
  • ·remainder; remnant; rest; balance; surplus; remains (of a meal); leftovers
  • ·(not) very; (not) much
  • ·too much; excessively; overly
  • ·extreme; great; severe; tremendous; terrible
  • ·not very good; so-so; mediocre
  • ·more than; over
  N5
• するAs it appears here: されて
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• この
  • ·this
  • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
  • ·you (as in "you liar")
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: でき
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• 仕事しごと
  • ·work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment
  • ·work
  N5
• 五ついつつ
  • ·five
  • ·five years of age
  • ·eight o'clock (old time system)
  N5
• 辺あたり
  • ·area; vicinity; region
  • ·side; edge
  • ·circumstances
  N5
• 花見はなみ
  • ·cherry blossom viewing; flower viewing
  N4
• 笑うわらうAs it appears here: 笑われた
  • ·to laugh
  • ·to smile
  • ·to sneer; to ridicule
  • ·to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
  N4
• 形かたち
  • ·(physical) form; shape; figure
  • ·visage; (facial) features; appearance (of a person); figure; looks
  • ·form (as opposed to substance); manner (of action); style; (outward) appearance
  • ·(resultant) state; situation; condition; form
  • ·behaviour (towards others); attitude; demeanor; manners
  • ·shape (positional qualities of a group of stones)
  N4
• 一度いちど
  • ·once; one time; on one occasion
  • ·temporarily; for a moment
  • ·one degree; one tone; one musical interval
  N4
• 科学かがく
  • ·science
  • ·to think about scientifically; to think in terms of science
  N4
• 以外いがい
  • ·excluding; except (for); apart from; other than; besides; in addition to
  • ·outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
  N4
• ため
  • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
  • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
  • ·consequence; result; effect
  • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
  N4
• 必要ひつよう
  • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
  • ·necessity; need; requirement
  N4
• 必ずかならず
  • ·always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
  N4
• はず
  • ·should (be); bound (to be); expected (to be); must (be)
  • ·nock (of a bow)
  • ·nock (of an arrow)
  • ·nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger)
  • ·wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
  N4
• 場合ばあい
  • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
  N4
• とめるAs it appears here: とめられれば
  • ·to stop; to turn off
  • ·to park
  • ·to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to hold back (tears); to hold (one's breath); to relieve (pain)
  • ·to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade; to forbid; to prohibit
  • ·to notice; to be aware of; to concentrate on; to pay attention to; to remember; to bear in mind
  • ·to fix (in place); to fasten; to tack; to pin; to nail; to button; to staple
  • ·to detain; to keep in custody
  N4
• 決めるきめる
  • ·to decide; to choose; to determine; to make up one's mind; to resolve; to set one's heart on; to settle; to arrange; to set; to appoint; to fix
  • ·to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match)
  • ·to persist in doing; to go through with
  • ·to always do; to have made a habit of
  • ·to take for granted; to assume
  • ·to dress up; to dress to kill; to dress to the nines
  • ·to carry out successfully (a move in sports, a pose in dance, etc.); to succeed in doing
  • ·to immobilize with a double-arm lock (in sumo, judo, etc.)
  • ·to eat or drink something; to take illegal drugs
  N4
• 見つかるみつかる
  • ·to be found; to be discovered
  N4
• 見つけるみつける
  • ·to find; to discover; to come across; to spot; to catch (someone doing)
  • ·to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
  N4
• 以前いぜん
  • ·before; prior to; ago
  • ·the past; before; previously; former times
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 微妙びみょう
  • ·subtle; delicate; fine
  • ·difficult; complex; tricky; delicate (situation, position, etc.); close (e.g. decision)
  • ·doubtful; questionable; dicey
  • ·not great; iffy
  • ·slightly; somewhat; a little bit
  N3
• 香りかおり
  • ·aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
  N3
• 加えるくわえるAs it appears here: 加えて
  • ·to add; to add up; to sum up; to append; to annex
  • ·to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to pick up
  • ·to include; to count in; to let join
  • ·to inflict (damage); to deal; to give
  N3
• おそらく
  • ·probably; (most) likely; in all likelihood; I suspect; I dare say; I'm afraid
  N3
• 特徴とくちょう
  • ·feature; trait; characteristic; peculiarity; distinction
  N3
• 完全かんぜん
  • ·perfect; complete
  N3
• 示すしめす
  • ·to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to tell; to exemplify; to make apparent
  • ·to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.)
  • ·to indicate; to show; to represent; to signify; to display
  N3
• よう
  • ·appearing ...; looking ...
  • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
  • ·form; style; design
  • ·like; similar to
  • ·thing (thought or spoken)
  N3
• 性せい
  • ·nature (of a person)
  • ·sex; gender
  • ·sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.)
  • ·gender
  • ·-ty; -ity; -ness; -cy
  N3
• 決定けってい
  • ·decision; determination
  N3
• うまいAs it appears here: うまく
  • ·skillful; skilful; skilled; good; expert; clever (expression, trick, etc.); apt; appropriate
  • ·delicious; tasty; good; nice
  • ·good (deal, idea, etc.); profitable; promising; lucky; fortunate; successful; satisfactory; splendid
  N3
• 違いないちがいない
  • ·sure; no mistaking it; for certain; without doubt
  N3
• 単純たんじゅん
  • ·simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive
  N3
• 整理せいり
  • ·sorting; arrangement; organization; putting in order; adjustment; regulation
  • ·liquidation; settlement; consolidation; clearance (e.g. debt); paying off
  • ·retrenchment; curtailment; cutting down; disposal
  N3
• 注ちゅう
  • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
  N3
• 等しいひとしい
  • ·equal; identical; the same
  • ·no different (from); just like; equivalent
  N3
• 散るちるAs it appears here: 散り
  • ·to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves)
  • ·to scatter; to be dispersed
  • ·to disappear; to dissolve; to break up
  • ·to spread; to run; to blur
  • ·to die a noble death
  N2
• 俳句はいく
  • ·haiku; (expl.) 17-mora poem, usu. in 3 lines of 5, 7 and 5 morae
  N2
• 取り出すとりだす
  • ·to take out; to produce; to pick out
  • ·to fetch; to retrieve
  N2
• 法則ほうそく
  • ·law; rule
  N2
• 突くつくAs it appears here: 突き
  • ·to prick; to stab
  • ·to poke; to prod; to push; to thrust; to nudge; to hit; to strike
  • ·to use (a cane); to prop oneself up with; to press against (the floor, etc.)
  • ·to attack
  • ·to brave (the rain, etc.)
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• 確かにN2

  concedes a point as true before countering it, or asserts certainty, 'admittedly / certainly (~ but)'.

  確かに、桜の花びらには微妙な色合いや形、そして香りに加えて、散りゆく美しさがある。

  Certainly, cherry blossoms possess subtle colors and shapes and a fragrance, as well as the beauty of scattering as they fall.

• に加えてN2

  Adds a further item on top of the preceding one — 'in addition to', 'on top of', 'as well as'.

  確かに、桜の花びらには微妙な色合いや形、そして香りに加えて、散りゆく美しさがある。

  Certainly, cherry blossoms possess subtle colors and shapes and a fragrance, as well as the beauty of scattering as they fall.

• 限りN2

  Marks the limit or scope within which a statement holds — 'as long as,' 'as far as,' 'to the extent that.'

  花を愛でる和歌や俳句は数限りないが、そのなかに「正五角形」という言葉が使われたことはおそらく一度もないであろう。

  There are countless waka and haiku poems celebrating flowers, but the phrase “regular pentagon” has probably never appeared in any of them even once.

• 恐らくN2

  Adverb marking the speaker's likely conjecture — "probably, most likely".

  花を愛でる和歌や俳句は数限りないが、そのなかに「正五角形」という言葉が使われたことはおそらく一度もないであろう。

  There are countless waka and haiku poems celebrating flowers, but the phrase “regular pentagon” has probably never appeared in any of them even once.

• 以外（いがい）N2

  Marks everything except the named item — 'other than ~', 'apart from ~', 'besides ~'.

  科学において本質以外を切り捨てるためには、大胆な抽象化と理想化が必要である。

  In science, bold abstraction and idealization are necessary in order to strip away everything that is not essential.

• というN34 times in this passage

  Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

  以前、花見をしている時に「桜の花は本当にきれいな正五角形だね」と言ったら、風情のない人だと笑われたことがあった。

  Once, while viewing cherry blossoms, I remarked, “Cherry blossoms really form beautiful regular pentagons,” and people laughed at me for having no sense of poetic charm.

• たものだN3

  recalls a past habitual action with fondness or nostalgia, 'used to (do)'.

  科学者特有の美意識は、風流とはかなり異質なものなのだと悟った。

  I realized that the aesthetic sensibility peculiar to scientists is quite different from traditional poetic refinement.

• において/におけるN3

  Formally marks the place, time, or domain in which something holds, 'in / at / regarding'.

  科学において本質以外を切り捨てるためには、大胆な抽象化と理想化が必要である。

  In science, bold abstraction and idealization are necessary in order to strip away everything that is not essential.

• ためにN32 times in this passage

  marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

  科学において本質以外を切り捨てるためには、大胆な抽象化と理想化が必要である。

  In science, bold abstraction and idealization are necessary in order to strip away everything that is not essential.

• 的（てき）N34 times in this passage

  A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

  実際に数学的な意味で完全な正五角形を示す花びらは少ないだろうが、そこにはあまりこだわらない。

  In reality, few blossoms probably form a mathematically perfect regular pentagon, but we do not concern ourselves too much with that.

• あまり〜ないN3

  The degree adverb あまり, typically with a following negative, expresses a limited degree, "not very / not much."

  実際に数学的な意味で完全な正五角形を示す花びらは少ないだろうが、そこにはあまりこだわらない。

  In reality, few blossoms probably form a mathematically perfect regular pentagon, but we do not concern ourselves too much with that.

• によって/によるN33 times in this passage

  Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

  花の場合、品種によって花弁の回転対称性が遺伝子で決定されていることは間違いないから、うまくこの遺伝子を突きとめられれば、花の形を決める普遍的な法則が見つかるに違いない。

  In the case of flowers, there is no doubt that the rotational symmetry of the petals is genetically determined according to the variety, so if we can successfully identify this gene, we should be able to discover a universal law governing flower shape.

• に違いないN3

  Expresses the speaker's strong conviction that something must be true based on inference; "must be, surely, no doubt."

  花の場合、品種によって花弁の回転対称性が遺伝子で決定されていることは間違いないから、うまくこの遺伝子を突きとめられれば、花の形を決める普遍的な法則が見つかるに違いない。

  In the case of flowers, there is no doubt that the rotational symmetry of the petals is genetically determined according to the variety, so if we can successfully identify this gene, we should be able to discover a universal law governing flower shape.

• たらN4

  Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').

  以前、花見をしている時に「桜の花は本当にきれいな正五角形だね」と言ったら、風情のない人だと笑われたことがあった。

  Once, while viewing cherry blossoms, I remarked, “Cherry blossoms really form beautiful regular pentagons,” and people laughed at me for having no sense of poetic charm.

• ないでN4

  Negative te-form that links a clause — "without doing ~", or a soft "don't ~".

  花を愛でる和歌や俳句は数限りないが、そのなかに「正五角形」という言葉が使われたことはおそらく一度もないであろう。

  There are countless waka and haiku poems celebrating flowers, but the phrase “regular pentagon” has probably never appeared in any of them even once.

• が必要（がひつよう）N4

  Marks something as necessary or required — 'need X / X is necessary'.

  科学において本質以外を切り捨てるためには、大胆な抽象化と理想化が必要である。

  In science, bold abstraction and idealization are necessary in order to strip away everything that is not essential.

• ように / ようなN4

  Likens or exemplifies one thing by another, "like / as / similar to (a)".

  自然界で正五角形のような対称性を示すためには、必ず規則的な法則があるはずである。

  For symmetry such as that of a regular pentagon to appear in nature, there must be some orderly law behind it.

• はずだN4

  Expresses the speaker's reasoned confidence that something is or should be the case — 'should, ought to, is supposed to'.

  自然界で正五角形のような対称性を示すためには、必ず規則的な法則があるはずである。

  For symmetry such as that of a regular pentagon to appear in nature, there must be some orderly law behind it.

• 〜ているN52 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  以前、花見をしている時に「桜の花は本当にきれいな正五角形だね」と言ったら、風情のない人だと笑われたことがあった。

  Once, while viewing cherry blossoms, I remarked, “Cherry blossoms really form beautiful regular pentagons,” and people laughed at me for having no sense of poetic charm.

• 〜たことがあるN5

  States that the speaker has had the experience of doing something at some point — “have done (before)”.

  以前、花見をしている時に「桜の花は本当にきれいな正五角形だね」と言ったら、風情のない人だと笑われたことがあった。

  Once, while viewing cherry blossoms, I remarked, “Cherry blossoms really form beautiful regular pentagons,” and people laughed at me for having no sense of poetic charm.

• そしてN5

  Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.

  確かに、桜の花びらには微妙な色合いや形、そして香りに加えて、散りゆく美しさがある。

  Certainly, cherry blossoms possess subtle colors and shapes and a fragrance, as well as the beauty of scattering as they fall.

• がありますN52 times in this passage

  States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

  確かに、桜の花びらには微妙な色合いや形、そして香りに加えて、散りゆく美しさがある。

  Certainly, cherry blossoms possess subtle colors and shapes and a fragrance, as well as the beauty of scattering as they fall.

• だけN5

  Limiting particle marking 'only / just' — restricts to the stated amount, degree, or item.

  桜の花びらのたくさんの特徴の中から、「正五角形」という形だけを取り出すこと。

  It means extracting only the shape of a “regular pentagon” from the many characteristics of a cherry blossom.

• だろうN5

  Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

  実際に数学的な意味で完全な正五角形を示す花びらは少ないだろうが、そこにはあまりこだわらない。

  In reality, few blossoms probably form a mathematically perfect regular pentagon, but we do not concern ourselves too much with that.