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N1 · AdvancedLong passagePassage #424
2

げんだいは、「はつめいひつようはは」となっただいあるあるものはつめいされると、ぎょうさまざまぶんのうあたかもひつようけつばかりしてせいひんとし、ひとびとそののういかにもまえからひつようあったかのごとく錯覚さっかくしてこうにゅうするからだ。はつめいよくぼうげきし、よくぼうひとびとしょうはししょうあらひつようせいというげんそうのであるその結果けっかほんらいひつようなかっものまでかんつのげん便べんもとというあくじゅんかんおちいこのようぎょうせんりゃくひとびとよくぼうむすひたすらこうふく」をもとするこうぞうが①げんだいというだいしょうちょうしているケータイそのてんけいある

そんなだいに「こうふく」をかんがすればこのよくぼうれんどこかでよりかたいやはつめいというようしんじゅつにはず、むしろそれらえん積極的せっきょくてきだいおくなるということに「こうふく」はもとのではないだろうか。テレビずにCDモーツァルトらくパソコンインターネットワープロのうだけするクルマずにこうきょうこうつうかんのみ使つかケータイぞくしかばんごうよくぼうしゃとのかんけいもとず、ぶんないからこえなにつくことのみかん使つかそんなせいかつこそこうふく」がありそう

むろんそんなしゅうどうそう(注1)ようかたげんだいでは②のうあるでんではだれとでもかんたんつながってたいできるインターネットものをし、ブログ(注2)ぶんけんゆうのはあたらテクノロジーあってこそあるテレビからじょうほうにちじょうかいし、でんでのながばなしたのクルマあればいつでもしょパソコンテレビケータイクルマないせいかつかんがず、これらぶんめい(注3)わたしゆういん(注4)してのだ。③そこに「こうふく」はないじつだれいても、便べんこうりつせいきれないのもわたしなのである

すると、どこかできょうすることかんがねばならないところようするところ使つかのであるわたしかたかくてきたんじゅんで、ぶんず、かんしょかぎしてよくぼうよくせいすることだ。(ちゅうりゃくそのようしてかんぶん使つかのだ。それわたしの「こうふく」へのせっきんほうなのである

いけうちりょうためがくによる

ちゅう1)しゅうどうそうおわりぎょうちゅうそう

ちゅう2)ブログ日記にっきけいしきホームページ

ちゅう3)便べん

ちゅう4)ゆういんしてここでは、いる

Questions

0/4 answered
  1. 1現代という時代とは、どのような時代だと筆者は述べているか。
  2. 2不可能であるとあるが、なぜか。
  3. 3そことは何を指しているか。
  4. 4筆者は、どのようにして「幸福」を得ようとしているか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary13 words
  • いかにも
    • ·indeed; really; truly; just (like)
    • ·very; extremely; totally; terribly
    • ·absolutely; certainly; for sure
    N1
  • 錯覚さっかく
    • ·illusion; hallucination
    • ·misapprehension; misconception; misunderstanding; illusion; delusion; mistake
    N1
  • 購入こうにゅう
    • ·purchase; buying
    N1
  • 欲望よくぼう
    • ·desire; appetite; lust
    N1
  • 募るつのるAs it appears here: 募らせ
    • ·to become stronger; to grow in intensity; to grow violent; to become worse
    • ·to invite contributions, etc.; to solicit help, participation, etc.; to recruit (e.g. soldiers)
    N1
  • 象徴しょうちょう
    • ·symbol (of something abstract); emblem; (symbolic) representation
    N1
  • 内部ないぶ
    • ·interior; inside; internal
    N1
  • むろん
    • ·of course; certainly; naturally
    N1
  • 対話たいわ
    • ·dialogue; conversation; talk; discussion; communication
    N1
  • 欠くかくAs it appears here: 欠かせない
    • ·to chip; to nick; to break; to crack
    • ·to lack
    N1
  • 妥協だきょう
    • ·compromise; giving in
    N1
  • 抑制よくせい
    • ·control; restraint; suppression; constraint; curtailment; inhibition; check; curb
    N1
  • そう
    • ·monk; priest
    • ·sangha (the Buddhist community)
    N1
Other levels104 words
  • なるAs it appears here: なった
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • まえ
    • ·in front (of); before (e.g. a building)
    • ·before; earlier; previously; prior; ago; (minutes) to (the hour)
    • ·(the) front; frontal part; fore; head (e.g. of a line)
    • ·forward; ahead
    • ·(in the) presence (of); in front (of someone)
    • ·previous (e.g. page); prior (e.g. engagement); first (e.g. half); former (e.g. example)
    • ·portion; helping
    • ·front (of one's body or clothing); breast (of a coat, kimono, etc.)
    • ·privates; private parts
    • ·criminal record; previous conviction; (a) prior
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 走るはしるAs it appears here: 走らせ
    • ·to run
    • ·to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to travel; to move; to sail
    • ·to rush (to); to dash; to race
    • ·to retreat; to flee; to defect (to)
    • ·to run away; to abscond; to elope
    • ·to flash (of lightning); to streak; to shoot (through; e.g. of pain); to run (through); to flare; to flit (e.g. across one's face); to spread quickly (of news, shock, etc.)
    • ·to go (e.g. bad, to extremes); to become; to turn; to take to (e.g. crime); to get carried away by (e.g. one's emotions); to get involved in; to get wrapped up in
    • ·to run (through; of a road, street, etc.); to extend (e.g. of a mountain range); to stretch; to lie
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: すれば
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • どこ
    • ·where; what place
    • ·how much (long, far); what extent
    N5
    • ·eye; eyeball
    • ·eyesight; sight; vision
    • ·look; stare; gaze; glance
    • ·notice; attention; observation; eyes (of the world, public, etc.)
    • ·an experience
    • ·viewpoint
    • ·discrimination; discernment; judgement; eye (e.g. for quality)
    • ·(an) appearance
    • ·chance (of success); possibility (of a good result)
    • ·spacing (between crossed strands of a net, mesh, etc.); opening; stitch; texture; weave
    • ·grain (of wood, paper)
    • ·eye (of a storm, needle, etc.)
    • ·intersection (on a go board); square (on a chessboard)
    • ·dot (on a dice); pip; rolled number
    • ·graduation; division (of a scale)
    • ·tooth (of a saw, comb, etc.)
    • ·ordinal number suffix
    • ·somewhat; -ish
    • ·point (e.g. of change)
    • ·eye (empty space inside a group of stones)
    N5
  • 切るきるAs it appears here: 切って
    • ·to cut; to cut through; to perform (surgery)
    • ·to sever (connections, ties)
    • ·to turn off (e.g. the light)
    • ·to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to disconnect
    • ·to punch (a ticket); to tear off (a stub)
    • ·to open (something sealed)
    • ·to start
    • ·to set (a limit); to do (something) in less or within a certain time; to issue (cheques, vouchers, etc.)
    • ·to reduce; to decrease; to discount
    • ·to shake off (water, etc.); to let drip-dry; to let drain
    • ·to cross; to traverse
    • ·to criticize sharply
    • ·to act decisively; to do (something noticeable); to go first; to make (certain facial expressions, in kabuki)
    • ·to turn (vehicle, steering wheel, etc.)
    • ·to curl (a ball); to bend; to cut
    • ·to shuffle (cards)
    • ·to discard a tile
    • ·to dismiss; to sack; to let go; to expel; to excommunicate
    • ·to dig (a groove); to cut (a stencil, on a mimeograph)
    • ·to trump
    • ·to cut (the connection between two groups)
    • ·to start a fire (with wood-wood friction or by striking a metal against stone)
    • ·to draw (a shape) in the air (with a sword, etc.)
    • ·to do completely; to finish doing
    • ·to be completely ...; to be totally ...; to be terribly ...
    • ·to do clearly; to do decisively; to do firmly
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 置くおくAs it appears here: 置か
    • ·to put; to place
    • ·to leave (behind)
    • ·to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up
    • ·to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire; to employ
    • ·to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc.); to bear (in mind, etc.)
    • ·to put down a tool (e.g. a pen) hence stopping what one is doing with that tool
    • ·to take in (boarders, etc.); to provide lodging in one's house
    • ·to separate spatially or temporally
    • ·to do something in advance
    • ·to leave something in a certain state; to keep something in a certain state
    N5
  • 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞き
    • ·to hear
    • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
    • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
    • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
    • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
    • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
    • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N5
    • ·hand; arm
    • ·forepaw; foreleg
    • ·handle
    • ·hand; worker; help
    • ·trouble; care; effort
    • ·means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship
    • ·hand; handwriting
    • ·kind; type; sort
    • ·one's hands; one's possession
    • ·ability to cope
    • ·hand (of cards)
    • ·direction
    • ·move (in go, shogi, etc.)
    N5
  • 出すだすAs it appears here: 出さ
    • ·to take out; to get out
    • ·to put out; to reveal; to show
    • ·to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in
    • ·to publish; to make public
    • ·to send (e.g. letter)
    • ·to produce (a sound); to start (fire)
    • ·to serve (food)
    • ·... out (e.g. to jump out, to carry out)
    • ·to begin ...; to start to ...; to burst into ...
    N5
  • クルマくるま
    • ·car; automobile; vehicle
    • ·wheel; castor; caster
    N5
  • 持つもつAs it appears here: 持た
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 使うつかう
    • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
    • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
    • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
    • ·to use (language); to speak
    N5
  • 家族かぞく
    • ·family
    N5
  • 番号ばんごう
    • ·number; series of digits
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • こえ
    • ·voice
    • ·singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); hoot
    • ·voice; opinion (as expressed in words); view; wish; attitude; will
    • ·sound
    • ·sense (of something's arrival); feeling
    • ·voice; voiced sound
    N5
  • 時間じかん
    • ·time
    • ·hour
    • ·period; class; lesson
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あり
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • だれ
    • ·who
    N5
  • できる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • 買い物かいもの
    • ·shopping; purchased goods
    N5
  • 出せるだせる
    • ·to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out
    • ·to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
    • ·to move forward
    • ·to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach
    • ·to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display
    • ·to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out
    • ·to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform
    • ·to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised
    • ·to sell
    • ·to exceed; to go over
    • ·to stick out; to protrude
    • ·to break out; to occur; to start; to originate
    • ·to be produced
    • ·to come from; to be derived from
    • ·to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid
    • ·to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get
    • ·to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave
    • ·to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain
    • ·to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed
    • ·to graduate
    • ·to ejaculate; to cum
    N5
  • 新しいあたらしい
    • ·new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あって
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 電話でんわ
    • ·telephone call; phone call
    • ·telephone (device); phone
    N5
  • 楽しいたのしい
    • ·enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あれば
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • いつ
    • ·when; at what time; how soon
    • ·normal times; ordinary days
    N5
  • 好きすき
    • ·liking; being fond of; to one's liking; to one's taste; preferred; favourite
    • ·liking (romantically); being in love with; beloved
    • ·faddism; eccentricity
    • ·as one likes; as it suits one
    • ·lecherous; lustful; salacious
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • 知るしるAs it appears here: 知って
    • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
    • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
    • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
    • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
    • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
    • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
    N5
  • ところ
    • ·place; spot; scene; site
    • ·address
    • ·district; area; locality
    • ·one's house
    • ·point; aspect; side; facet
    • ·passage (in text); part
    • ·space; room
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·whereupon; as a result
    • ·about to; on the verge of
    • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
    • ·approximately; around; about
    N5
  • わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 持つもつAs it appears here: 持って
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • 便利べんり
    • ·convenient; handy; useful
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 時代じだい
    • ·period; epoch; era; age
    • ·the times; those days
    • ·oldness; ancientness; antiquity
    • ·antique; period piece
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえる
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 知らせるしらせるAs it appears here: 知らせない
    • ·to notify; to advise; to inform
    N4
  • 関係かんけい
    • ·relation; relationship; connection
    • ·participation; involvement; concern
    • ·influence; effect
    • ·sexual relations; sexual relationship
    • ·related to; connected to
    N4
  • 生活せいかつ
    • ·life; living
    • ·livelihood; (one's) living
    N4
  • 簡単かんたん
    • ·simple; easy; uncomplicated
    • ·brief; quick; light
    N4
  • 意見いけん
    • ·opinion; view; comment
    • ·scolding; reprimand; rebuke; admonition; cautioning; warning
    N4
  • 場所ばしょ
    • ·place; location; spot; position; area
    • ·room; space
    • ·sumo tournament
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えられ
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 止むやむAs it appears here: 止まない
    • ·to cease; to stop; to be over
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考え
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 利用りよう
    • ·use; utilization; utilisation; application
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 科学かがく
    • ·science
    • ·to think about scientifically; to think in terms of science
    N4
  • 日記にっき
    • ·diary; journal
    N4
  • 現代げんだい
    • ·present age; present day; today
    • ·modern era; modern times
    N3
  • 発明はつめい
    • ·invention
    • ·intelligent; clever; smart
    N3
  • 企業きぎょう
    • ·enterprise; business; company; corporation
    N3
  • さまざま
    • ·various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
    N3
  • 余分よぶん
    • ·extra; excess; surplus
    N3
  • 機能きのう
    • ·function; facility; faculty; feature
    N3
  • 製品せいひん
    • ·manufactured goods; finished goods; product
    N3
  • 刺激しげき
    • ·stimulus; stimulation; irritation (esp. of the body, e.g. skin, eyes)
    • ·impetus; impulse; stimulus; spur; incentive; encouragement; stimulation; motivation; provocation
    • ·excitement; thrill
    N3
  • 消費しょうひ
    • ·consumption; expenditure; spending
    N3
  • 新たあらた
    • ·new; fresh; novel
    N3
  • 結果けっか
    • ·result; consequence; outcome; effect
    • ·as a result of ...; as a consequence of ...; after ...; following ...
    • ·bearing fruit; fruiting
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 幸福こうふく
    • ·happiness; well-being; joy; welfare; blessedness
    N3
  • 求めるもとめるAs it appears here: 求めよう
    • ·to want; to wish for
    • ·to request; to demand; to require; to ask for
    • ·to seek; to search for; to look for; to pursue (pleasure); to hunt (a job); to find (a solution)
    • ·to purchase; to buy
    N3
  • 典型てんけい
    • ·type; pattern; model; epitome; exemplar; archetype; perfect example
    N3
  • 向けるむけるAs it appears here: 向け
    • ·to turn (towards); to face; to point; to aim; to direct to
    • ·to head to; to go towards
    • ·to allot; to allocate
    • ·to send; to dispatch (e.g. a person)
    • ·to aim for; to pursue
    N3
  • むしろ
    • ·rather; better; instead; if anything
    N3
  • えん
    • ·fate; destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together)
    • ·relationship (e.g. between two people); bond; link; connection
    • ·family ties; affinity
    • ·opportunity; chance (to meet someone and start a relationship)
    • ·pratyaya (indirect conditions, as opposed to direct causes)
    • ·narrow open-air veranda
    N3
  • 積極的せっきょくてき
    • ·positive; assertive; active; proactive; aggressive
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 求めるもとめるAs it appears here: 求められる
    • ·to want; to wish for
    • ·to request; to demand; to require; to ask for
    • ·to seek; to search for; to look for; to pursue (pleasure); to hunt (a job); to find (a solution)
    • ·to purchase; to buy
    N3
  • 機関きかん
    • ·engine
    • ·agency; organisation; organization; institution; organ; body
    • ·system; facility; facilities
    N3
  • 求めるもとめるAs it appears here: 求め
    • ·to want; to wish for
    • ·to request; to demand; to require; to ask for
    • ·to seek; to search for; to look for; to pursue (pleasure); to hunt (a job); to find (a solution)
    • ·to purchase; to buy
    N3
  • 何かなにか
    • ·something; some; any
    • ·somehow; for some reason
    • ·(so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
    N3
  • 情報じょうほう
    • ·information; news; report; intelligence
    • ·information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.)
    • ·informatics (as a subject)
    N3
  • 実はじつは
    • ·as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
    N3
  • 単純たんじゅん
    • ·simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive
    N3
  • 限るかぎる
    • ·to restrict; to limit; to confine
    • ·to be restricted to; to be limited to; to be confined to
    • ·to be best (for); to be the best plan; to be the only way (to)
    N3
  • ほう
    • ·law; act; principle
    • ·method
    • ·mood
    • ·dharma; law
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 本来ほんらい
    • ·originally; primarily
    • ·essentially; intrinsically; naturally; by nature; in (and of) itself
    • ·proper; rightful; legal; normal
    N2
  • 無限むげん
    • ·infinity; infinitude; eternity
    • ·infinite; limitless
    N2
  • 構造こうぞう
    • ·structure; construction; makeup; framework; organization; pattern
    N2
  • つながるAs it appears here: つながって
    • ·to be connected (to); to be joined together; to be linked; to be tied together; to lead (to)
    • ·to connect (of a telephone call, the internet, etc.); to get through
    • ·to lead (to an outcome); to bring about (a result)
    • ·to be lined up (e.g. of cars); to extend; to stretch out
    • ·to be related (e.g. to a matter); to be connected (to); to have something to do (with)
    • ·to be related (by blood)
    N2
  • 棄てるすてるAs it appears here: 棄て
    • ·to throw away; to cast away; to dump; to discard
    • ·to abandon; to desert; to leave
    • ·to give up; to resign
    • ·to sacrifice (stones)
    N2
  • 比較的ひかくてき
    • ·comparatively; relatively
    N2
  • 区切るくぎる
    • ·to divide; to separate; to partition; to demarcate; to delimit; to mark off
    • ·to punctuate; to mark off (with a comma); to insert pauses (between words or phrases when reading aloud); to space one's words
    N2
  • 接近せっきん
    • ·getting closer; drawing nearer; approaching
    • ·being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.)
    • ·becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
    N2
  • 形式けいしき
    • ·form (as opposed to substance)
    • ·format; form; style; manner
    • ·formality; form
    • ·mode; form
    • ·form (bilinear, quadratic, etc.)
    N2
  • 器具きぐ
    • ·utensil; implement; tool; instrument; appliance; apparatus
    N2
  • 絶えずたえず
    • ·constantly; always; continually; steadily
    N2
Grammar3 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • いかにもN1

    Adverb stressing that something is exactly as it looks or as expected — 'indeed', 'truly', 'every bit the ~'.

    あるものが発明されると、企業はさまざまな余分の機能をあたかも必要不可欠とばかり付加して製品を売り込もうとし、人々はその機能がいかにも前から必要であったかのごとく錯覚して購入するからだ。

    This is because whenever something is invented, companies add all sorts of extra functions and market them as though they were indispensable, while people mistakenly come to believe those functions had always been necessary and buy the products.

  • ごとき / ごとく / ごとしN1

    Literary equivalent of 〜のようだ that likens one thing to another or cites an example — 'like', 'as if', 'such as'.

    あるものが発明されると、企業はさまざまな余分の機能をあたかも必要不可欠とばかり付加して製品を売り込もうとし、人々はその機能がいかにも前から必要であったかのごとく錯覚して購入するからだ。

    This is because whenever something is invented, companies add all sorts of extra functions and market them as though they were indispensable, while people mistakenly come to believe those functions had always been necessary and buy the products.

  • だの~だのN12 times in this passage

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    ③そこに「幸福」はないと実は誰もが知っていても、便利さと効率性を棄てきれないのも私たちなのである。

    Even though everyone actually knows that ③ “happiness” is not to be found there, we still cannot give up convenience and efficiency.

Other levels29 patterns
  • だけにN2

    The stated reason makes the result all the more fitting or intense, "precisely because / all the more because".

    テレビは置かずにCDでモーツァルトや落語を聞き、パソコンはインターネットに手を出さずワープロ機能だけにする。

    Have no television, listen to Mozart or rakugo on CDs, and use a computer only for word processing without going on the Internet.

  • のみN22 times in this passage

    formal/written equivalent of だけ, limiting to one thing — 'only ~', 'nothing but ~'

    クルマは持たずに公共交通機関のみを使う。

    Own no car and use only public transportation.

  • 〜てこそN2

    Emphasizes that only by actually doing X does the result become true — 'it is only by/precisely by doing X that...'.

    インターネットで買い物をし、ブログで自分の意見が自由に出せるのは新しいテクノロジーがあってこそである。

    It is only because of new technology that we can shop on the Internet and freely express our opinions on blogs.

  • ねばならないN2

    Formal, somewhat literary way of stating an obligation, "must / have to (do)".

    とすると、どこかで妥協することを考えねばならない

    If that is the case, then we must think about compromising somewhere.

  • というN34 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    発明が欲望を刺激し、欲望が人々を消費に走らせ、消費が新たな必要性という幻想を生み出すのである。

    Invention stimulates desire, desire drives people to consume, and consumption creates the illusion of new necessities.

  • とすれば・としたら・とするとN32 times in this passage

    'If / supposing that…' — sets up a hypothesis and states what would follow from it.

    そんな時代に「幸福」を考えるとすれば、この欲望の連鎖をどこかで断ち切るより仕方がない。

    If we are to think about “happiness” in such an age, we have no choice but to break this chain of desire somewhere along the way.

  • むしろN3

    Adverb overturning an expectation to present the following as the more fitting statement; "rather / if anything".

    いや、発明というような新技術には目を向けず、むしろそれらと縁を切って積極的に時代遅れになるということに「幸福」は求められるのではないだろうか。

    Or rather, instead of turning our attention to new technologies and inventions, might “happiness” be found by deliberately cutting ourselves off from them and actively becoming old-fashioned?

  • 的(てき)N3

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    いや、発明というような新技術には目を向けず、むしろそれらと縁を切って積極的に時代遅れになるということに「幸福」は求められるのではないだろうか。

    Or rather, instead of turning our attention to new technologies and inventions, might “happiness” be found by deliberately cutting ourselves off from them and actively becoming old-fashioned?

  • ずにN32 times in this passage

    Marks doing one thing without doing another; a more formal equivalent of 〜ないで — 'without …ing'.

    テレビは置かずにCDでモーツァルトや落語を聞き、パソコンはインターネットに手を出さずワープロ機能だけにする。

    Have no television, listen to Mozart or rakugo on CDs, and use a computer only for word processing without going on the Internet.

  • こそN3

    Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'

    欲望を他者との関係に求めず、自分の内部からの声を汲み上げ、何かを創り出すことのみに時間を使う、そんな生活にこそ「幸福」がありそうな気がする。

    Rather than seeking the fulfillment of desire through relationships with others, listen to the voice within yourself and devote your time solely to creating something; I feel that “happiness” may lie in such a life.

  • 切れないN3

    Suffix on a verb stem meaning the action can't be finished or the amount is too great to handle, 'can't ~ completely / too many to ~'.

    ③そこに「幸福」はないと実は誰もが知っていても、便利さと効率性を棄てきれないのも私たちなのである。

    Even though everyone actually knows that ③ “happiness” is not to be found there, we still cannot give up convenience and efficiency.

  • ためにN32 times in this passage

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    (中略)そのようにして生み出された時間を自分のために使うのだ。

    (Omitted) I use the time created in this way for myself.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (池内了『生きのびるための科学』による

    (Based on Ikeuchi Satoru, “Science for Survival”)

  • ばかりN4

    Limits or emphasizes a thing — 'only / nothing but' — or after a past-tense verb means 'just (finished) doing.'

    あるものが発明されると、企業はさまざまな余分の機能をあたかも必要不可欠とばかり付加して製品を売り込もうとし、人々はその機能がいかにも前から必要であったかのごとく錯覚して購入するからだ。

    This is because whenever something is invented, companies add all sorts of extra functions and market them as though they were indispensable, while people mistakenly come to believe those functions had always been necessary and buy the products.

  • 〜さN42 times in this passage

    Suffix that turns an adjective into a noun naming its degree or quality — '-ness' (e.g. 高さ 'height', 重さ 'weight').

    その結果、本来必要でなかったものにまで飢餓感を募らせ、無限に便利さを追い求めるという悪循環に陥る。

    As a result, people develop an ever stronger sense of deprivation even for things they never originally needed and fall into a vicious cycle of endlessly pursuing convenience.

  • よりN4

    Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

    そんな時代に「幸福」を考えるとすれば、この欲望の連鎖をどこかで断ち切るより仕方がない。

    If we are to think about “happiness” in such an age, we have no choice but to break this chain of desire somewhere along the way.

  • ようだN4

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    いや、発明というような新技術には目を向けず、むしろそれらと縁を切って積極的に時代遅れになるということに「幸福」は求められるのではないだろうか。

    Or rather, instead of turning our attention to new technologies and inventions, might “happiness” be found by deliberately cutting ourselves off from them and actively becoming old-fashioned?

  • ということN4

    Nominalizes a whole statement into a noun — 'the fact that', 'it means that'.

    いや、発明というような新技術には目を向けず、むしろそれらと縁を切って積極的に時代遅れになるということに「幸福」は求められるのではないだろうか。

    Or rather, instead of turning our attention to new technologies and inventions, might “happiness” be found by deliberately cutting ourselves off from them and actively becoming old-fashioned?

  • がするN4

    With a perception noun (sound, smell, taste, feeling), expresses that such a sensation occurs — 'there is a smell/sound', 'I sense that'.

    欲望を他者との関係に求めず、自分の内部からの声を汲み上げ、何かを創り出すことのみに時間を使う、そんな生活にこそ「幸福」がありそうな気がする

    Rather than seeking the fulfillment of desire through relationships with others, listen to the voice within yourself and devote your time solely to creating something; I feel that “happiness” may lie in such a life.

  • ように / ようなN4

    Likens or exemplifies one thing by another, "like / as / similar to (a)".

    むろん、そんな修道僧のような生き方は現代では②不可能である。

    Of course, such a monk-like way of life is ② impossible in the modern world.

  • てもN42 times in this passage

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    ③そこに「幸福」はないと実は誰もが知っていても、便利さと効率性を棄てきれないのも私たちなのである。

    Even though everyone actually knows that ③ “happiness” is not to be found there, we still cannot give up convenience and efficiency.

  • 方(かた)N4

    Attaches to a verb's masu-stem to name the manner or method of doing it, "way of / how to".

    私のやり方は比較的単純で、余分な機器を持たず、持っても時間を区切るか場所を限るかして欲望を抑制することだ。

    My own method is relatively simple: avoid owning unnecessary devices, and if I do own them, restrict either the time or place in which I use them in order to control desire.

  • ようにするN4

    Expresses making an ongoing effort or arranging things so that something does or doesn't happen — "make sure to / try to (do regularly)".

    (中略)そのようにして生み出された時間を自分のために使うのだ。

    (Omitted) I use the time created in this way for myself.

  • のでN52 times in this passage

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    発明が欲望を刺激し、欲望が人々を消費に走らせ、消費が新たな必要性という幻想を生み出すのである。

    Invention stimulates desire, desire drives people to consume, and consumption creates the illusion of new necessities.

  • までN5

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    その結果、本来必要でなかったものにまで飢餓感を募らせ、無限に便利さを追い求めるという悪循環に陥る。

    As a result, people develop an ever stronger sense of deprivation even for things they never originally needed and fall into a vicious cycle of endlessly pursuing convenience.

  • 〜ているN53 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    このように企業の戦略と人々の欲望が結びついて、ひたすら「幸福」を求めようとする構造が①現代という時代を象徴している

    This structure, in which corporate strategies combine with human desires in an unrelenting pursuit of “happiness,” symbolizes ① the modern age.

  • じゃない・ではないN5

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    いや、発明というような新技術には目を向けず、むしろそれらと縁を切って積極的に時代遅れになるということに「幸福」は求められるのではないだろうか。

    Or rather, instead of turning our attention to new technologies and inventions, might “happiness” be found by deliberately cutting ourselves off from them and actively becoming old-fashioned?

  • だろうN5

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    いや、発明というような新技術には目を向けず、むしろそれらと縁を切って積極的に時代遅れになるということに「幸福」は求められるのではないだろうか。

    Or rather, instead of turning our attention to new technologies and inventions, might “happiness” be found by deliberately cutting ourselves off from them and actively becoming old-fashioned?

  • がありますN53 times in this passage

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    欲望を他者との関係に求めず、自分の内部からの声を汲み上げ、何かを創り出すことのみに時間を使う、そんな生活にこそ「幸福」がありそうな気がする。

    Rather than seeking the fulfillment of desire through relationships with others, listen to the voice within yourself and devote your time solely to creating something; I feel that “happiness” may lie in such a life.

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