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N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #389
2

勝しょう負ぶを続つづけている限かぎりは、負まけは確かく定ていしない。勝かったり負まけたりしながら、人じん生せいは続つづいていく。ただ、勝しょう負ぶを続つづけていくうちにだんだん勝しょう負ぶ勘かんはっいてくるし、くだらない失しっ敗ぱいはしなくなってくる。スキル（注1）が上あがってくるからだ。

映えい画がの話はなしで言いえば、僕ぼくは映えい画が制せい作さくのシステムそのものに、大おお負まけをしない仕し掛かけを組くみ込こんだ。それは、①「他た人にんと仕し事ごとする」ということだ。他た人にんという客観性きゃっかんせいを映えい画が制せい作さくの現げん場ばに持もち込こめば、独ひとりよがり（注2）な作さく品ひんに突つっ走ぱしることを彼かれらが防ふせいでくれる。それに僕ぼくは優ゆう秀しゅうなやつとしか組くまないから、僕ぼく一ひと人りで何なにも考かんがえるずっと映えい画がの質しつは高たかくなるのだ。

勝しょう負ぶを続つづけていると、思おもわぬ成せい果かが飛とび込こんでくることがある。かつて負まけたと思おもい込こんでいた勝しょう負ぶに、後のちになって勝かってしまうことがあるのだ。僕ぼくの例れいで言いえば、愚ぐ直ちょく（注3）に映えい画がを撮とり続つづけて、ある程てい度どの評ひょう価かを得えるうちに、かつてボロクソに言いわれた（注4）作さく品ひんに光ひかりが当あたり、再さい評ひょう価かされるようなこともある。（中ちゅう略りゃく）

だから②絶ぜっ対たいに勝しょう負ぶを諦あきらめてはいけない。ただし、常じょう勝しょうを狙ねらうのは禁きん物もつだ。勝しょう負ぶをしなければ勝かつことはできないが、必かならず勝かとう、絶ぜっ対たいに失しっ敗ぱいしないようにしようと意い気き込ごんだら、緊きん張ちょう感かんや気き負おいや、そんな余よ計けいなものを背負しょい込こんで結果的けっかてきに負まけてしまう。

（押おし井い守まもる『凡ぼん人じんとして生いきるということ』による）

（注ちゅう1）スキル：技ぎ術じゅつ。

（注ちゅう2）独ひとりよがり：ここでは、自じ己こ満まん足ぞくの。

（注ちゅう3）愚ぐ直ちょくに：ここでは、まじめに、こつこつと。

（注ちゅう4）ボロクソに言いわれる：ここでは、ひどい評ひょう価かを受うける。

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1①「他人と仕事する」ことの利点について、筆者はどのように述べているか。
  2. 2②絶対に勝負を謙めてはいけないとあるが、なぜか。
  3. 3筆者によると、勝負を続ける上で気を付けるべき点は何か。

Study this passage

Vocabulary8 words
  • 確定かくてい
    • ·decision; settlement; confirmation; establishment
    N1
  • 上がるあがるAs it appears here: 上がって
    • ·to rise; to go up; to come up; to ascend; to be raised
    • ·to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to go in
    • ·to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade
    • ·to get out (of water); to come ashore; to be washed ashore
    • ·to float atop the water; to surface from the sea (e.g. of a corpse); to rise to the surface
    • ·to increase; to be raised (e.g. of a salary); to rise
    • ·to improve; to make progress
    • ·to be promoted; to advance
    • ·to be made (of profit, etc.)
    • ·to occur (esp. of a favourable result)
    • ·to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.)
    • ·to be finished; to be done; to be over
    • ·to stop (of rain); to clear up (of weather)
    • ·to stop (working properly); to cut out; to give out; to die
    • ·to win (in a card game, etc.)
    • ·to be spoken loudly; to be raised loudly (of a voice)
    • ·to get nervous; to get stage fright
    • ·to be offered (to the gods, etc.)
    • ·to go; to visit
    • ·to eat; to drink
    • ·to serve (in one's master's home)
    • ·to enter a red light district; to amuse oneself in a red light district; to visit a brothel
    • ·to arise vigorously (e.g. of voices in excitement); to become excited; to be in uproar (e.g. of a crowd)
    • ·to be complete; to finish
    • ·adds the connotation of an action happening strongly or violently
    • ·above; north of
    N1
  • 仕掛けしかけ
    • ·device; contrivance; mechanism; gadget
    • ·trick; trap; calculated manipulation; gambit
    • ·(small) scale; half finished
    • ·commencement; initiation
    • ·set up; laying out; preparation
    • ·challenge; attack
    N1
  • 組み込むくみこむAs it appears here: 組み込んだ
    • ·to insert; to include; to incorporate; to install; to embed
    N1
  • 成果せいか
    • ·(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
    N1
  • かつて
    • ·once; before; formerly; ever; former; ex-
    • ·never yet; never before; first time; still not happened
    N1
  • 禁物きんもつ
    • ·thing that should be (carefully) avoided; no-no; thing to definitely not do; something forbidden; taboo
    N1
  • 意気込むいきごむAs it appears here: 意気込ん
    • ·to be enthusiastic (about); to be eager (to do); to be keen; to be intent (on); to be determined
    N1
Other levels74 words
  • するAs it appears here: しない
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: し
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • だんだん
    • ·gradually; by degrees; little by little; more and more; increasingly
    • ·steps; stairs; staircase; terrace
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しなく
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 映画えいが
    • ·movie; film; motion picture
    N5
  • 話はなし
    • ·talk; speech; chat; conversation
    • ·topic; subject
    • ·discussions; negotiation; argument
    • ·rumor; talk; hearsay
    • ·tale; story; fable
    • ·circumstances; particulars
    N5
  • 言ういうAs it appears here: 言えば
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • 仕事しごと
    • ·work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment
    • ·work
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 一人ひとり
    • ·one person
    • ·being alone; being by oneself
    • ·being single; being unmarried
    • ·by oneself; alone
    • ·just; only; simply
    N5
  • 高いたかいAs it appears here: 高く
    • ·high; tall
    • ·expensive; high-priced
    • ·high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
    • ·loud
    • ·high-pitched; shrill
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 撮るとるAs it appears here: 撮り
    • ·to take (a photograph)
    • ·to record (audio or video); to film; to shoot
    N5
  • 言ういうAs it appears here: 言われた
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しなければ
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できない
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しよう
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 言ういうAs it appears here: 言われる
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • 続けるつづけるAs it appears here: 続けて
    • ·to continue; to keep up; to keep on
    • ·to continue ...; to keep on ...
    N4
  • 勝つかつAs it appears here: 勝ったり
    • ·to win; to gain victory
    N4
  • 負けるまけるAs it appears here: 負けたり
    • ·to lose; to be defeated; to be beaten
    • ·to give in (to); to yield; to succumb; to give way; to surrender; to be overcome (with)
    • ·to be inferior (to); to be second (to); to be outdone (by)
    • ·to get a rash (from); to come out in a rash
    • ·to reduce the price; to give a discount; to throw in (something extra) for free
    N4
  • 続くつづくAs it appears here: 続いて
    • ·to continue; to last; to go on
    • ·to continue (without a break); to be unbroken
    • ·to occur again and again
    • ·to lead to; to connect to; to adjoin
    • ·to come after; to follow; to succeed; to rank next to
    • ·to hold out; to keep; to last
    N4
  • うち
    • ·inside; within
    • ·while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of
    • ·among; amongst; (out) of; between
    • ·in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success)
    • ·within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts
    • ·we; our company; our organization
    • ·one's home; one's family
    • ·my spouse; my husband; my wife
    • ·signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife
    • ·I; me
    • ·imperial palace grounds
    • ·emperor
    N4
  • 失敗しっぱい
    • ·failure; mistake; blunder
    N4
  • 僕ぼく
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    • ·manservant
    N4
  • それに
    • ·besides; in addition; also; moreover
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえる
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思わ
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 負けるまけるAs it appears here: 負けた
    • ·to lose; to be defeated; to be beaten
    • ·to give in (to); to yield; to succumb; to give way; to surrender; to be overcome (with)
    • ·to be inferior (to); to be second (to); to be outdone (by)
    • ·to get a rash (from); to come out in a rash
    • ·to reduce the price; to give a discount; to throw in (something extra) for free
    N4
  • 勝つかつAs it appears here: 勝って
    • ·to win; to gain victory
    N4
  • 光ひかり
    • ·light
    • ·illumination; ray; beam; gleam; glow
    • ·happiness; hope
    • ·influence; power
    • ·vision; eyesight
    • ·optical fiber; optical fibre
    N4
  • 勝つかつ
    • ·to win; to gain victory
    N4
  • 必ずかならず
    • ·always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
    N4
  • 勝つかつAs it appears here: 勝とう
    • ·to win; to gain victory
    N4
  • 負けるまけるAs it appears here: 負けて
    • ·to lose; to be defeated; to be beaten
    • ·to give in (to); to yield; to succumb; to give way; to surrender; to be overcome (with)
    • ·to be inferior (to); to be second (to); to be outdone (by)
    • ·to get a rash (from); to come out in a rash
    • ·to reduce the price; to give a discount; to throw in (something extra) for free
    N4
  • 生きるいきる
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • 技術ぎじゅつ
    • ·technology; engineering
    • ·technique; skill
    • ·art; craft
    N4
  • ひどい
    • ·cruel; heartless; hard; harsh; severe
    • ·violent; intense; strong; heavy; extreme
    • ·very bad; terrible; awful
    • ·excessive; exorbitant; unreasonable; outrageous; unfair; unjust
    N4
  • 受けるうける
    • ·to receive; to get
    • ·to catch (e.g. a ball)
    • ·to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)
    • ·to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence)
    • ·to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge)
    • ·to be given (e.g. life, talent)
    • ·to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by)
    • ·to follow; to succeed; to be descended from
    • ·to face (south, etc.)
    • ·to be modified by
    • ·to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee
    • ·to be well-received; to become popular; to go down well
    N4
  • 負けまけ
    • ·defeat; loss; losing (a game)
    • ·failing to live up to (one's name, looks, etc.)
    • ·discount; loss (on a sale)
    N3
  • 人生じんせい
    • ·(one's) life
    N3
  • ただ
    • ·ordinary; common; usual
    • ·free of charge
    • ·unaffected; as is; safe
    • ·only; merely; just; simply
    • ·but; however; nevertheless
    N3
  • 勘かん
    • ·perception; intuition; the sixth sense
    N3
  • 他人たにん
    • ·another person; other people; others
    • ·unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood)
    • ·outsider; stranger
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 現場げんば
    • ·actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.)
    • ·(on) site; (on) the ground; (in) the field; job site
    • ·filming location; (movie) set
    N3
  • 作品さくひん
    • ·work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
    N3
  • 防ぐふせぐAs it appears here: 防いで
    • ·to defend against; to protect against
    • ·to prevent; to avert; to avoid
    N3
  • 優秀ゆうしゅう
    • ·superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
    N3
  • 組むくむAs it appears here: 組まない
    • ·to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms)
    • ·to put together; to construct; to assemble; to produce (e.g. TV program)
    • ·to braid; to plait
    • ·to grapple; to wrestle
    • ·to unite; to join; to link up; to form an alliance
    • ·to set (e.g. type)
    • ·to issue (e.g. money order)
    N3
  • 何もなにも
    • ·(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any; nothing
    • ·and everything else; and all
    • ·(not) at all; (not) in the least; (not) especially; (not) to that extent
    N3
  • 質しつ
    • ·quality; value
    • ·nature; inherent quality; character
    • ·logical quality
    N3
  • 例れい
    • ·example; instance; illustration; case
    • ·precedent
    • ·custom; habit; practice; usage
    N3
  • 評価ひょうか
    • ·valuation; appraisal; evaluation; assessment; estimation; rating; judging
    • ·appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement; rating highly; praising
    N3
  • 得るえる
    • ·to get; to earn; to acquire; to procure; to gain; to secure; to attain; to obtain; to win
    • ·to understand; to comprehend
    • ·to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
    • ·to be able to ..., can ...
    N3
  • 当たるあたるAs it appears here: 当たり
    • ·to be hit; to strike
    • ·to touch; to be in contact; to be affixed
    • ·to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to apply to
    • ·to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
    • ·to be selected (in a lottery, etc.); to win
    • ·to be successful; to go well; to be a hit
    • ·to face; to confront
    • ·to lie (in the direction of)
    • ·to undertake; to be assigned
    • ·to be stricken (by food poisoning, heat, etc.); to be afflicted
    • ·to be called on (e.g. by a teacher)
    • ·to treat (esp. harshly); to lash out at
    • ·to be unnecessary
    • ·to be hitting well; to be on a hitting streak
    • ·to feel a bite (in fishing)
    • ·(of fruit, etc.) to be bruised; to spoil
    • ·to feel (something) out; to probe into; to check (i.e. by comparison)
    • ·to shave
    • ·to be a relative of a person; to be a ... in relation to ...; to stand in a relationship
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 諦めるあきらめるAs it appears here: 諦めて
    • ·to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
    N3
  • 注ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 勝負しょうぶ
    • ·victory or defeat
    • ·match; contest; game; bout; showdown
    N2
  • はうAs it appears here: はっ
    • ·to crawl; to creep; to go on all fours
    • ·to slither; to wriggle
    • ·to trail (of vines, flowers, etc.); to spread; to creep
    N2
  • くだらない
    • ·trivial; trifling; insignificant; not worth bothering with; worthless; useless; good-for-nothing
    • ·stupid; nonsensical; absurd; foolish; silly
    N2
  • 制作せいさく
    • ·work (film, book)
    • ·production; creation; turning (something) out; development
    N2
  • 飛び込むとびこむAs it appears here: 飛び込んで
    • ·to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to dive
    • ·to burst in; to barge in
    N2
  • 思い込むおもいこむAs it appears here: 思い込んで
    • ·to be convinced (that); to be under the impression (that); to feel sure (that); to assume (that)
    • ·to make up one's mind; to set one's heart on; to be determined (to do); to be bent on
    • ·to be obsessed (with a thought, idea, etc.); to think about obsessively
    N2
  • ただし
    • ·but; however; provided that
    N2
  • 狙うねらう
    • ·to aim at (with a weapon, etc.)
    • ·to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to plan to make one's own
    • ·to aim for; to set up as a goal
    N2
  • 余計よけい
    • ·extra; more; too much; too many; excessive; superfluous; spare; surplus
    • ·unnecessary; needless; uncalled-for; unwanted; uninvited
    • ·all the more; even more
    N2
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • かつてN12 times in this passage

    Refers to a time in the past, or with a negative predicate means 'never before' — 'once,' 'formerly.'

    かつて負けたと思い込んでいた勝負に、後になって勝ってしまうことがあるのだ。

    Sometimes a contest that you once believed you had lost turns out, later on, to have become a victory.

Other levels20 patterns
  • 限りN2

    Marks the limit or scope within which a statement holds — 'as long as,' 'as far as,' 'to the extent that.'

    勝負を続けている限りは、負けは確定しない。

    As long as you keep competing, defeat is never final.

  • ということだN3

    Reports hearsay or states a conclusion drawn from what precedes — 'I hear that…' / 'that is to say / it amounts to…'.

    それは、①「他人と仕事する」ということだ。

    That mechanism is ①“working with other people.”

  • というN3

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    他人という客観性を映画制作の現場に持ち込めば、独りよがりな作品に突っ走ることを彼らが防いでくれる。

    By bringing the objectivity of other people into the filmmaking process, they can prevent me from charging ahead with a self-indulgent film.

  • ことがあるN32 times in this passage

    After a plain verb, 'there are times when...'; after a past-tense verb (〜たことがある), 'have (ever) done, have the experience of'.

    勝負を続けていると、思わぬ成果が飛び込んでくることがある。

    If you keep competing, unexpected results sometimes fall into your lap.

  • 的（てき）N3

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    勝負をしなければ勝つことはできないが、必ず勝とう、絶対に失敗しないようにしようと意気込んだら、緊張感や気負いや、そんな余計なものを背負い込んで結果的に負けてしまう。

    You cannot win unless you compete, but if you become too determined to win at all costs and never fail, you burden yourself with unnecessary things such as tension and excessive pressure, and end up losing as a result.

  • としてN3

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    （押井守『凡人として生きるということ』による）

    (From Oshii Mamoru, “Living as an Ordinary Person”)

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    （押井守『凡人として生きるということ』による）

    (From Oshii Mamoru, “Living as an Ordinary Person”)

  • 続ける（つづける）N44 times in this passage

    Attaches to a verb stem to mean keep doing / continue doing the action ('keep ~ing').

    勝負を続けている限りは、負けは確定しない。

    As long as you keep competing, defeat is never final.

  • ながらN4

    Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.

    勝ったり負けたりしながら、人生は続いていく。

    Life goes on as we win some and lose some.

  • 〜ていくN4

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    勝ったり負けたりしながら、人生は続いていく。

    Life goes on as we win some and lose some.

  • 〜てくるN43 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    ただ、勝負を続けていくうちにだんだん勝負勘はっいてくるし、くだらない失敗はしなくなってくる。

    But as you keep competing, you gradually develop a better instinct for the game and stop making foolish mistakes.

  • 〜てくれるN4

    Someone does an action for the benefit of the speaker (or the speaker's in-group) — '(someone) does (something) for me'.

    他人という客観性を映画制作の現場に持ち込めば、独りよがりな作品に突っ走ることを彼らが防いでくれる。

    By bringing the objectivity of other people into the filmmaking process, they can prevent me from charging ahead with a self-indulgent film.

  • 〜ていたN4

    The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

    かつて負けたと思い込んでいた勝負に、後になって勝ってしまうことがあるのだ。

    Sometimes a contest that you once believed you had lost turns out, later on, to have become a victory.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN42 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    かつて負けたと思い込んでいた勝負に、後になって勝ってしまうことがあるのだ。

    Sometimes a contest that you once believed you had lost turns out, later on, to have become a victory.

  • ようだN4

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    僕の例で言えば、愚直に映画を撮り続けて、ある程度の評価を得るうちに、かつてボロクソに言われた作品に光が当たり、再評価されるようなこともある。

    In my own case, as I kept steadily making films and gained a certain degree of recognition, some works that had once been savagely criticized later came back into the spotlight and were reevaluated.

  • ようにするN4

    Expresses making an ongoing effort or arranging things so that something does or doesn't happen — "make sure to / try to (do regularly)".

    勝負をしなければ勝つことはできないが、必ず勝とう、絶対に失敗しないようにしようと意気込んだら、緊張感や気負いや、そんな余計なものを背負い込んで結果的に負けてしまう。

    You cannot win unless you compete, but if you become too determined to win at all costs and never fail, you burden yourself with unnecessary things such as tension and excessive pressure, and end up losing as a result.

  • たらN4

    Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').

    勝負をしなければ勝つことはできないが、必ず勝とう、絶対に失敗しないようにしようと意気込んだら、緊張感や気負いや、そんな余計なものを背負い込んで結果的に負けてしまう。

    You cannot win unless you compete, but if you become too determined to win at all costs and never fail, you burden yourself with unnecessary things such as tension and excessive pressure, and end up losing as a result.

  • ということN4

    Nominalizes a whole statement into a noun — 'the fact that', 'it means that'.

    （押井守『凡人として生きるということ』による）

    (From Oshii Mamoru, “Living as an Ordinary Person”)

  • 〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    勝ったり負けたりしながら、人生は続いていく。

    Life goes on as we win some and lose some.

  • 〜てはいけないN5

    States that an action is prohibited — “must not do”.

    だから②絶対に勝負を諦めてはいけない。

    That is why ②you must never give up the contest.

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