• 四よん
  • ·four; 4
  N5
• ある
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• 人ひと
  • ·person; someone; somebody
  • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
  • ·human (Homo sapiens)
  • ·(other) people; others
  • ·character; personality; nature
  • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
  • ·adult; grown-up
  • ·I; me; one
  N5
• わたし
  • ·I; me
  N5
• あの
  • ·that; those; the
  N5
• よいAs it appears here: よかった
  • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
  • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
  • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
  • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
  • ·easy to ...
  N5
• よく
  • ·nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully
  • ·frequently; often
  • ·I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
  • ·(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: しよう
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• できる
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• ところ
  • ·place; spot; scene; site
  • ·address
  • ·district; area; locality
  • ·one's house
  • ·point; aspect; side; facet
  • ·passage (in text); part
  • ·space; room
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·whereupon; as a result
  • ·about to; on the verge of
  • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
  • ·approximately; around; about
  N5
• 自分じぶん
  • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
  • ·I; me
  • ·you
  N5
• 中なか
  • ·inside; interior
  • ·among; within
  • ·middle; center; centre
  • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
  • ·interval; gap
  • ·mean; average
  • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
  • ·medium grade; medium quality
  • ·red-light district
  N5
• 二日ふつか
  • ·2nd day of the month
  • ·two days
  N5
• かかるAs it appears here: かかった
  • ·to take (a resource, e.g. time or money)
  • ·to hang
  • ·to come into view; to arrive
  • ·to come under (a contract, a tax)
  • ·to start (engines, motors)
  • ·to attend; to deal with; to handle
  • ·to have started to; to be on the verge of
  • ·to overlap (e.g. information in a manual); to cover
  • ·to (come) at
  • ·to be fastened
  • ·to be covered (e.g. with dust, a table-cloth, etc.)
  • ·to be caught in
  • ·to get a call
  • ·to depend on
  • ·to begin (a task); to set about (doing); to get down to
  N5
• たぶん
  • ·probably; likely; perhaps; maybe
  • ·a lot of; much; many; considerable; large (amount); generous
  N5
• どう
  • ·how; in what way; how about
  N5
• 好きすき
  • ·liking; being fond of; to one's liking; to one's taste; preferred; favourite
  • ·liking (romantically); being in love with; beloved
  • ·faddism; eccentricity
  • ·as one likes; as it suits one
  • ·lecherous; lustful; salacious
  N5
• 物もの
  • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
  • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  • ·quality
  • ·reason; the way of things
  • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
  • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
  • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  • ·really; truly
  N5
• 食べるたべる
  • ·to eat
  • ·to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
  N5
• 仕事しごと
  • ·work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment
  • ·work
  N5
• 今日きょう
  • ·today; this day
  • ·these days; recently; nowadays
  N5
• 一日いちにち
  • ·one day
  • ·all day (long); the whole day; from morning till night
  • ·first day of the month
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 行くいく
  • ·to go; to move (towards); to head (towards); to leave (for)
  • ·to move through; to travel across; to walk along (e.g. a road)
  • ·to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to turn out; to get along
  • ·to do (in a particular way); to go (with; a choice); to try
  • ·to pass (of time, seasons, etc.); to go by
  • ·to stream; to flow
  • ·to die; to pass away
  • ·to reach (a stage, extent, age, etc.); to get to; to go (so far as ...)
  • ·to reach (of information, instructions, wind, etc.); to arrive
  • ·to continue ...; to go on ...; to (progress) steadily; to gradually ...; to progressively ...
  • ·to have an orgasm; to come; to cum
  • ·to trip; to get high; to have a drug-induced hallucination
  N5
• 何のどの
  • ·which; what (way)
  N5
• 先さき
  • ·point; tip; end; nozzle
  • ·head (of a line); front
  • ·first; before; ahead (of)
  • ·(the way) ahead; beyond
  • ·future
  • ·previous; prior; former; recent; last
  • ·destination; address; place where you do something
  • ·rest (e.g. of a story); continuation; remaining part
  • ·the other party
  N5
• あるAs it appears here: あれば
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• 四日よっか
  • ·4th day of the month
  • ·four days
  N5
• 生きるいきる
  • ·to live; to exist
  • ·to make a living; to subsist
  • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
  • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
  • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
  N4
• こう
  • ·in this way; like this; so; thus
  • ·this (much); so
  • ·uh; er; mm; well
  N4
• 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きて
  • ·to live; to exist
  • ·to make a living; to subsist
  • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
  • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
  • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
  N4
• 思うおもう
  • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
  • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
  • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
  • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
  • ·to expect; to look forward to
  • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
  • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
  • ·to recall; to remember
  N4
• 興味きょうみ
  • ·interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
  N4
• 探すさがす
  • ·to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to seek
  • ·to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer); to fish around
  N4
• 最後さいご
  • ·end; conclusion
  • ·last; final; latest; most recent
  • ·no sooner than; once; right after (often having negative consequences)
  • ·one's final moments
  N4
• 残るのこる
  • ·to remain; to be left
  N4
• たとえば
  • ·for example; for instance; e.g.
  N4
• ため
  • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
  • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
  • ·consequence; result; effect
  • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
  N4
• 受けるうけるAs it appears here: 受けた
  • ·to receive; to get
  • ·to catch (e.g. a ball)
  • ·to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)
  • ·to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence)
  • ·to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge)
  • ·to be given (e.g. life, talent)
  • ·to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by)
  • ·to follow; to succeed; to be descended from
  • ·to face (south, etc.)
  • ·to be modified by
  • ·to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee
  • ·to be well-received; to become popular; to go down well
  N4
• 約束やくそく
  • ·promise; agreement; arrangement; one's word; contract; pact
  • ·appointment; engagement; date
  • ·convention; rule
  • ·destiny; fate
  N4
• 立てるたてる
  • ·to stand up; to put up; to set up; to erect; to raise
  • ·to thrust into; to bury into; to dig into
  • ·to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to raise (a cloud of dust, etc.); to cause
  • ·to make; to establish; to set up; to develop; to formulate
  • ·to put up (a political candidate); to make (one's leader)
  • ·to treat with respect; to give (someone) their due; to make (someone) look good; to avoid embarrassing (someone)
  • ·to sharpen; to make clear
  • ·to shut; to close
  • ·to make tea (matcha); to perform the tea ceremony
  • ·to divide by
  • ·to do ... vigorously
  N4
• 変えるかえるAs it appears here: 変えた
  • ·to change; to alter; to transform; to convert; to turn; to vary
  • ·to reform; to revise; to amend
  N4
• 無理むり
  • ·unreasonable; unnatural; unjustifiable
  • ·impossible
  • ·forcible; forced; compulsory
  • ·excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
  • ·to work too hard; to try too hard
  • ·no way; not a chance; never; dream on
  • ·irrational
  N4
• 親おや
  • ·parent; parents; mother and father
  • ·dealer; banker
  • ·founder; inventor
  • ·(pet) owner
  • ·key; parent (organization); main
  • ·ancestor; forefather
  N4
• 進むすすむ
  • ·to advance; to go forward
  • ·to precede; to go ahead (of)
  • ·to make progress; to improve
  • ·to deepen; to heighten
  • ·to be fast (of a clock); to be ahead
  • ·to do of one's own free will
  N4
• やめる
  • ·to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to end; to quit
  • ·to cancel; to abandon; to give up; to abolish; to abstain; to refrain
  N4
• 生活せいかつ
  • ·life; living
  • ·livelihood; (one's) living
  N4
• 十分じゅうぶん
  • ·enough; sufficient; plenty; adequate; satisfactory
  • ·sufficiently; fully; thoroughly; well; perfectly
  • ·division into ten
  N4
• うち
  • ·inside; within
  • ·while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of
  • ·among; amongst; (out) of; between
  • ·in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success)
  • ·within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts
  • ·we; our company; our organization
  • ·one's home; one's family
  • ·my spouse; my husband; my wife
  • ·signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife
  • ·I; me
  • ·imperial palace grounds
  • ·emperor
  N4
• 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思って
  • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
  • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
  • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
  • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
  • ·to expect; to look forward to
  • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
  • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
  • ·to recall; to remember
  N4
• 人間にんげん
  • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
  • ·character (of a person)
  N3
• 種類しゅるい
  • ·variety; kind; type; category
  • ·counter for kinds, species, etc.
  N3
• 過去かこ
  • ·the past; bygone days
  • ·one's past (that one would prefer remained secret)
  • ·past (tense); preterit; preterite
  • ·previous life
  N3
• 思い出おもいで
  • ·memories; recollections; reminiscence
  N3
• 未来みらい
  • ·(distant) future
  • ·future existence; world beyond the grave; the world to come
  • ·future (tense)
  N3
• 現在げんざい
  • ·the present; present time; now
  • ·as of
  • ·present tense
  • ·this world; this life
  • ·to actually exist; to exist right now; to exist right in front of one
  N3
• とき
  • ·time; hour; moment
  • ·occasion; case
  • ·chance; opportunity; season
  • ·the times; the age; the day
  • ·tense
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 意識いしき
  • ·consciousness
  • ·becoming aware (of); awareness; sense
  • ·mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
  N3
• 自慢じまん
  • ·pride (in one's achievements, possessions, etc.); self-praise; boast
  N3
• つらい
  • ·painful; bitter; heart-breaking; difficult (emotionally)
  • ·tough; difficult; hard (usu. of situations)
  • ·cruel; harsh; cold
  N3
• 出来事できごと
  • ·occurrence; happening; incident; event
  N3
• 先日せんじつ
  • ·the other day; a few days ago
  N3
• 底そこ
  • ·bottom; sole
  N3
• 沈むしずむAs it appears here: 沈んだ
  • ·to sink; to go under; to submerge
  • ·to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to descend
  • ·to feel depressed; to become subdued; to become somber
  N3
• 経つたつ
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  N3
• 不安ふあん
  • ·anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity; suspense
  N3
• 抱くいだく
  • ·to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug
  • ·to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.); to harbor; to bear (a grudge, ill will, etc.); to entertain (hope, illusions, etc.); to cherish (e.g. an ambition)
  N3
• 食事しょくじ
  • ·meal (e.g. lunch, dinner)
  • ·diet
  N3
• よう
  • ·appearing ...; looking ...
  • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
  • ·form; style; design
  • ·like; similar to
  • ·thing (thought or spoken)
  N3
• ほう
  • ·direction; way; side; area (in a particular direction)
  • ·side (of an argument, etc.); one's part
  • ·type; category
  • ·field (of study, etc.)
  • ·indicates one side of a comparison
  • ·way; method; manner; means
  • ·length (of each side of a square)
  N3
• 検査けんさ
  • ·inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; test; check; scan (e.g. MRI, PET); audit
  N3
• 避けるさけるAs it appears here: 避けて
  • ·to avoid (physical contact with)
  • ·to avoid (situation); to evade (question, subject); to shirk (one's responsibilities)
  • ·to ward off; to avert
  • ·to put aside; to move out of the way
  N3
• 結局けっきょく
  • ·after all; in the end; ultimately; eventually
  • ·conclusion; end
  • ·end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
  N3
• 守れるまもれるAs it appears here: 守れ
  • ·to protect; to guard; to defend
  • ·to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe; to obey; to follow
  N3
• 計画けいかく
  • ·plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
  N3
• 哲学てつがく
  • ·philosophy
  N3
• 当時とうじ
  • ·at that time; in those days
  N3
• 就職しゅうしょく
  • ·finding employment; getting a job
  N3
• まず
  • ·first (of all); firstly; to begin with; before anything else
  • ·probably; most likely; almost certainly; virtually
  • ·more or less (satisfactory); on the whole; reasonably
  • ·anyway; at any rate; for now (at least); for the time being
  N3
• まったく
  • ·really; truly; entirely; completely; wholly; perfectly
  • ·indeed
  • ·good grief
  N3
• たんに
  • ·simply; merely; only; solely
  N3
• 人生じんせい
  • ·(one's) life
  N3
• 願うねがうAs it appears here: 願って
  • ·to desire; to wish; to hope
  • ·to beg; to request; to implore; to pray
  • ·to have something done for oneself
  N3
• 上るのぼるAs it appears here: 上らない
  • ·to ascend; to go up; to climb
  • ·to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise
  • ·to go to (the capital)
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to add up to
  • ·to advance (in price)
  • ·to swim up (a river); to sail up
  • ·to come up (on the agenda)
  N2
• 第一だいいち
  • ·first; foremost; number one
  • ·most important
  • ·best; greatest; most
  • ·above all; besides; in any case; to begin with
  N2
• 延ばすのばすAs it appears here: 延ばし
  • ·to grow long (e.g. hair, nails)
  • ·to lengthen; to extend; to stretch
  • ·to reach out; to hold out
  • ·to straighten; to smooth out
  • ·to spread evenly (dough, cream, etc.)
  • ·to dilute; to thin out
  • ·to postpone
  • ·to prolong
  • ·to strengthen; to develop; to expand
  N2
• 大学院だいがくいん
  • ·graduate school
  N2
• 余計よけい
  • ·extra; more; too much; too many; excessive; superfluous; spare; surplus
  • ·unnecessary; needless; uncalled-for; unwanted; uninvited
  • ·all the more; even more
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• ではないかN2

  Rhetorically seeks agreement or expresses a realization — 'isn't it? / right? / surely.'

  わたしはよく、流暢に話せないのではないかなどと未来に不安を抱くし、食事でも、好きな物が最後に残るよう計画的に食べるから、未来に生きていそうだが、そうとも思えない。

  I often worry about the future, wondering for example whether I will be unable to speak fluently, and even when eating I plan things so that my favorite food remains until the end, which makes it seem as though I live for the future—but I do not think that is true either.

• 〜ばよかったN3

  Expresses regret over something not done, "should have ~ / I wish I had ~."

  わたしは「あのときこう言い返せばよかった」とよく後悔するから過去に生きているのかとも思うが、過去の思い出にひたることはないし、「思い出づくり」にも興味がない。

  I often regret things, thinking, “I should have answered that way back then,” so I sometimes wonder whether I live in the past; yet I never immerse myself in old memories, nor am I interested in “making memories.”

• ことはないN3

  Tells someone there is no need to do something — 'there's no need to / you don't have to.'

  わたしは「あのときこう言い返せばよかった」とよく後悔するから過去に生きているのかとも思うが、過去の思い出にひたることはないし、「思い出づくり」にも興味がない。

  I often regret things, thinking, “I should have answered that way back then,” so I sometimes wonder whether I live in the past; yet I never immerse myself in old memories, nor am I interested in “making memories.”

• ようとするN3

  Describes attempting to do something or being on the verge of doing it — 'try to…', 'be about to…'.

  人に自慢しようとして、自慢できるところが現在の自分に見当たらず、過去の中に無理やり探すときぐらいだ。

  About the only time I do is when I want to boast to someone, cannot find anything in my present self worth boasting about, and have to search the past by force.

• ところがN3

  Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".

  人に自慢しようとして、自慢できるところが現在の自分に見当たらず、過去の中に無理やり探すときぐらいだ。

  About the only time I do is when I want to boast to someone, cannot find anything in my present self worth boasting about, and have to search the past by force.

• 的（てき）N3

  A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

  わたしはよく、流暢に話せないのではないかなどと未来に不安を抱くし、食事でも、好きな物が最後に残るよう計画的に食べるから、未来に生きていそうだが、そうとも思えない。

  I often worry about the future, wondering for example whether I will be unable to speak fluently, and even when eating I plan things so that my favorite food remains until the end, which makes it seem as though I live for the future—but I do not think that is true either.

• 例えば（たとえば）N3

  Introduces an illustrative instance, 'for example / for instance'.

  たとえば、未来のために健康診断を受けたほうがいいと思うが、検査は極力避けている。

  For example, I think it would be better for my future to have health checkups, yet I avoid examinations as much as possible.

• ためにN3

  marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

  たとえば、未来のために健康診断を受けたほうがいいと思うが、検査は極力避けている。

  For example, I think it would be better for my future to have health checkups, yet I avoid examinations as much as possible.

• 結局（けっきょく）N3

  Sums up the eventual outcome after a process or deliberation, 'in the end / after all'.

  仕事も、今日できることを一日延ばしにして、結局、約束が守れず謝罪する。

  With work too, I keep putting off until another day what I could do today, until in the end I fail to keep my promises and have to apologize.

• 〜ばいいN3

  Offers a suggestion or solution via the conditional plus いい, "you should ~ / it'd be good to just ~."

  わたしは人生が何百年もあればいいのにと願っているが、人生のうち、（2）人生だと思っているのは今日一日と過去二日と未来一日の余計四日日間だけだ。

  I still wish life could last for hundreds of years, but of my whole life, (2) the part I actually regard as “my life” amounts to only four days: today, the two preceding days, and one day of the future.

• ときN44 times in this passage

  Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

  わたしは「あのときこう言い返せばよかった」とよく後悔するから過去に生きているのかとも思うが、過去の思い出にひたることはないし、「思い出づくり」にも興味がない。

  I often regret things, thinking, “I should have answered that way back then,” so I sometimes wonder whether I live in the past; yet I never immerse myself in old memories, nor am I interested in “making memories.”

• かもしれないN4

  Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.

  過去の栄光も意識に上らない（過去の栄光がないかもしれない）。

  Past glories never come to mind either (perhaps I have no past glories to begin with).

• 〜のにN42 times in this passage

  Links two clauses so the result contradicts what the first clause leads you to expect — "even though ~ / although ~".

  先日、失意の底に沈んだときは、立て直るのに二日かかった。

  The other day, when I sank to the depths of despair, it took me two days to recover.

• などN4

  Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

  わたしはよく、流暢に話せないのではないかなどと未来に不安を抱くし、食事でも、好きな物が最後に残るよう計画的に食べるから、未来に生きていそうだが、そうとも思えない。

  I often worry about the future, wondering for example whether I will be unable to speak fluently, and even when eating I plan things so that my favorite food remains until the end, which makes it seem as though I live for the future—but I do not think that is true either.

• と思う（とおもう）N42 times in this passage

  Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

  たとえば、未来のために健康診断を受けたほうがいいと思うが、検査は極力避けている。

  For example, I think it would be better for my future to have health checkups, yet I avoid examinations as much as possible.

• てもN4

  Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

  親から、哲学に進むなら仕送りをやめると脅されても、生活のあてもないまま、まったく動じなかった。

  Even when my parents threatened to stop supporting me financially if I went into philosophy, I remained completely unmoved despite having no prospect of how I would support myself.

• 〜ているN55 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  わたしは「あのときこう言い返せばよかった」とよく後悔するから過去に生きているのかとも思うが、過去の思い出にひたることはないし、「思い出づくり」にも興味がない。

  I often regret things, thinking, “I should have answered that way back then,” so I sometimes wonder whether I live in the past; yet I never immerse myself in old memories, nor am I interested in “making memories.”

• ほうがいいN5

  Advises that one course of action is preferable — "had better / it's better to".

  たとえば、未来のために健康診断を受けたほうがいいと思うが、検査は極力避けている。

  For example, I think it would be better for my future to have health checkups, yet I avoid examinations as much as possible.

• にするN5

  To decide on or turn something into a given state or choice, 'to make it ~ / to go with ~.'

  仕事も、今日できることを一日延ばしにして、結局、約束が守れず謝罪する。

  With work too, I keep putting off until another day what I could do today, until in the end I fail to keep my promises and have to apologize.

• に行くN5

  Go somewhere in order to do something — [verb masu-stem] + に行く, 'go to (do) …'.

  当時は就職難で、大学院に行くと就職はまず無理だったが、決断には何の迷いもなかった。

  Jobs were scarce at the time, and going on to graduate school would have made employment virtually impossible, yet I had no hesitation whatsoever about the decision.

• じゃない・ではないN5

  Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

  わたしが楽天的だからではない。

  It is not because I am optimistic.

• だけN5

  Limiting particle marking 'only / just' — restricts to the stated amount, degree, or item.

  わたしは人生が何百年もあればいいのにと願っているが、人生のうち、（2）人生だと思っているのは今日一日と過去二日と未来一日の余計四日日間だけだ。

  I still wish life could last for hundreds of years, but of my whole life, (2) the part I actually regard as “my life” amounts to only four days: today, the two preceding days, and one day of the future.